Endothelial Klf2-Foxp1-TGFβ signal mediates the inhibitory effects of simvastatin on maladaptive cardiac remodeling
| Autor: | Jiwen Liu, Hongda Li, Yu Cheng, Yashu Kuang, Jie Liu, Yajing Shen, Xiaoli Chen, Yunhao Duan, Paul Chan, Yanfang Wang, Xiaoyu Wang, Qi Zhang, Tao Zhuang, Lin Zhang, Brain Tomlinson, Yuzhen Zhang, Zuoren Yu, Zhongmin Liu, Zhenlin Zhao |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Simvastatin Cell Survival Cardiac fibrosis Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors Medicine (miscellaneous) Cardiomegaly Pharmacology Muscle hypertrophy Mice Transforming Growth Factor beta medicine Animals HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) Ventricular remodeling Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) Cells Cultured Heart Failure Pressure overload Ventricular Remodeling biology business.industry Anticholesteremic Agents Forkhead Box P1 (Foxp1) Endothelial Cells Forkhead Transcription Factors medicine.disease Mice Inbred C57BL Repressor Proteins Heart failure (HF) Heart failure HMG-CoA reductase Maladaptive cardiac remodeling (cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy) biology.protein Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) business Myofibroblast Research Paper Krüppel-like Factor 2 (Klf2) medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Theranostics |
| ISSN: | 1838-7640 |
| DOI: | 10.7150/thno.48153 |
| Popis: | Aims: Pathological cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy are common features of left ventricular remodeling that often progress to heart failure (HF). Endothelial cells (ECs) are the most abundant non-myocyte cells in adult mouse heart. Simvastatin, a strong inducer of Krüppel-like Factor 2 (Klf2) in ECs, ameliorates pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This study aims to explore the detailed molecular mechanisms of the anti-remodeling effects of simvastatin. Methods and Results: RGD-magnetic-nanoparticles were used to endothelial specific delivery of siRNA and we found absence of simvastatin's protective effect on pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction after in vivo inhibition of EC-Klf2. Mechanism studies showed that EC-Klf2 inhibition reversed the simvastatin-mediated reduction of fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast formation, as well as cardiomyocyte size and cardiac hypertrophic genes, which suggested that EC-Klf2 might mediate the anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophy effects of simvastatin. Similar effects were observed after Klf2 inhibition in cultured ECs. Moreover, Klf2 regulated its direct target gene TGFβ1 in ECs and mediated the protective effects of simvastatin, and inhibition of EC-Klf2 increased the expression of EC-TGFβ1 leading to simvastatin losing its protective effects. Also, EC-Klf2 was found to regulate EC-Foxp1 and loss of EC-Foxp1 attenuated the protective effects of simvastatin similar to EC-Klf2 inhibition. Conclusions: We conclude that cardiac microvasculature ECs are important in the modulation of pressure overload induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and the endothelial Klf2-TGFβ1 or Klf2-Foxp1-TGFβ1 pathway mediates the preventive effects of simvastatin. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism of the non-cholesterol lowering effects of simvastatin for HF prevention. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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