Evidence for Early Local Viral Replication and Local Production of Antiviral Immunity upon Mucosal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV 89.6 Infection in Macaca nemestrina
| Autor: | Shiu Lok Hu, Marnix L. Bosch, Yvonne Stevens, Kay Larsen, Eric E. Finn, Jannelle Thompson, Zandrea Ambrose |
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| Rok vydání: | 2001 |
| Předmět: |
Time Factors
Immunology Viremia Biology Virus Replication medicine.disease_cause Microbiology Peripheral blood mononuclear cell Immune system T-Lymphocyte Subsets Virology medicine Animals Humans Lymphocyte Count HIV vaccine Immunity Mucosal Viral Load Simian immunodeficiency virus medicine.disease Mucosal Infection Viral replication Insect Science DNA Viral Injections Intravenous Vagina HIV-1 RNA Viral Pathogenesis and Immunity Female Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Macaca nemestrina Viral load |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Virology. 75:8589-8596 |
| ISSN: | 1098-5514 0022-538X |
| DOI: | 10.1128/jvi.75.18.8589-8596.2001 |
| Popis: | Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is largely a result of heterosexual exposure, leading many investigators to evaluate mucosal vaccines for protection against intravaginal (i.vag.) transmission in macaque models of AIDS. Relatively little is known, however, about the dynamics of viral replication and the ensuing immune response following mucosal infection. We have utilized a simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) to study the differences in viremia, CD4 T-cell percentages, and mucosal and systemic anti-SHIV humoral and cellular immune responses during primary infection of animals infected either intravenously (i.v.) or i.vag. Positive viral cocultures, peripheral blood mononuclear cell viral load peaks, and CD4 cell declines were delayed by 1 week in the i.vag. inoculated animals compared to the animals infected i.v., demonstrating delayed viral spreading to the periphery. In contrast, mucosal anti-SHIV antibody levels were greater in magnitude and arose more rapidly and mucosal CD8 + T-cell responses were enhanced in the i.vag. group animals, whereas both the magnitudes and times of onset of systemic immune responses for the animals in the two groups did not differ. These observations demonstrate that compartmentalization of viral replication and induction of local antiviral immunity occur in the genital tract early after i.vag. but not i.v. inoculation. Induction of mucosal immunity to target this local, contained replication should be a goal in HIV vaccine development. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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