Cancer risk at low doses of ionizing radiation: artificial neural networks inference from atomic bomb survivors
| Autor: | Masao S. Sasaki, Akira Tachibana, Shunichi Takeda |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Oncology
medicine.medical_specialty Neoplasms Radiation-Induced Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Context (language use) Review low-dose radiation cancer risk Radiation Dosage Risk Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Ionizing radiation Age Distribution Japan Internal medicine medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Computer Simulation Survivors A-bomb survivors Sex Distribution Radiometry Survival rate Proportional Hazards Models Nuclear Weapons Radiation Models Statistical Proportional hazards model business.industry Cancer Reproducibility of Results Environmental exposure Environmental Exposure integrate-and-fire model medicine.disease Prognosis Survival Rate Relative risk Data Interpretation Statistical Neural Networks Computer Nuclear medicine business Risk assessment artificial neural networks DSB repair pathway choice |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Radiation Research |
| ISSN: | 0449-3060 |
| Popis: | Cancer risk at low doses of ionizing radiation remains poorly defined because of ambiguity in the quantitative link to doses below 0.2 Sv in atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki arising from limitations in the statistical power and information available on overall radiation dose. To deal with these difficulties, a novel nonparametric statistics based on the 'integrate-and-fire' algorithm of artificial neural networks was developed and tested in cancer databases established by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. The analysis revealed unique features at low doses that could not be accounted for by nominal exposure dose, including (i) the presence of a threshold that varied with organ, gender and age at exposure, and (ii) a small but significant bumping increase in cancer risk at low doses in Nagasaki that probably reflects internal exposure to (239)Pu. The threshold was distinct from the canonical definition of zero effect in that it was manifested as negative excess relative risk, or suppression of background cancer rates. Such a unique tissue response at low doses of radiation exposure has been implicated in the context of the molecular basis of radiation-environment interplay in favor of recently emerging experimental evidence on DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice and its epigenetic memory by histone marking. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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