Silver Nanoparticles Conjugate Attenuates Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Hippocampal Nissl Substance and Cognitive Deficits in Diabetic Rats

Autor: Onyemaechi Okpara Azu, Edwin C.S. Naidu, Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode, Sodiq Kolawole Lawal, Ayobami Dare, Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede, C Rennie
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Article Subject
Anti-HIV Agents
Endocrinology
Diabetes and Metabolism
Morris water navigation task
Metal Nanoparticles
Hippocampal formation
Efavirenz
Emtricitabine
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination
Hippocampus
Silver nanoparticle
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus
Experimental
Rats
Sprague-Dawley
chemistry.chemical_compound
symbols.namesake
Endocrinology
Cognition
Diabetic Neuropathies
Memory
Morris Water Maze Test
immune system diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Internal medicine
Antiretroviral Therapy
Highly Active
medicine
Hippocampus (mythology)
Animals
Cognitive Dysfunction
Behavior
Animal
business.industry
Neurotoxicity
Silver Compounds
virus diseases
Glutathione
medicine.disease
RC648-665
chemistry
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2
Nissl Bodies
Nissl body
symbols
business
Locomotion
Research Article
Zdroj: Journal of Diabetes Research, Vol 2021 (2021)
Journal of Diabetes Research
ISSN: 2314-6753
Popis: Background. The application of nanomedicine to antiretroviral drug delivery holds promise in reducing the comorbidities related to long-term systemic exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, the safety of drugs loaded with silver nanoparticles has been debatable. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of HAART-loaded silver nanoparticles (HAART-AgNPs) on the behavioural assessment, biochemical indices, morphological, and morphometric of the hippocampus in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods. Conjugated HAART-AgNPs were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometer, HR-TEM, SEM, and EDX for absorbance peaks, size and morphology, and elemental components. Forty-eight male SD rats ( 250 ± 13 g) were divided into nondiabetic and diabetic groups. Each group was subdivided into ( n = 8 ) A (nondiabetic+vehicle), B (nondiabetic+HAART), C (nondiabetic+HAART-AgNPs), D (diabetic+vehicle), E (diabetic+HAART), and F (diabetic+HAART-AgNPs). Morris water maze, Y-maze test, and weekly blood glucose levels were carried out. Following the last dose of 8-week treatment, the rats were anaesthetized and euthanized. Brain tissues were carefully removed and postfixed for Nissl staining histology. Results. 1.5 M concentration of HAART-AgNPs showed nanoparticle size 20.3 nm with spherical shape. HAART-AgNPs revealed 16.89% of silver and other elemental components of HAART. The diabetic control rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose, reduced spatial learning, positive hippocampal Nissl-stained cells, and a significant decrease in GSH and SOD levels. However, administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats significantly reduced blood glucose level, improved spatial learning, biochemical indices, and enhanced memory compared to diabetic control. Interestingly, diabetic HAART-AgNP-treated rats showed a significantly improved memory, increased GSH, SOD, and number of positive Nissl-stained neurons compared to diabetic-treated HAART only. Conclusion. Administration of HAART to diabetic rats aggravates the complications of diabetes and promotes neurotoxic effects on the experimental rats, while HAART-loaded silver nanoparticle (HAART-AgNP) alleviates diabetes-induced neurotoxicity.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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