Seroprevalence and risk factors of recent infection with hepatitis E virus during an acute outbreak in an urban setting in Chad, 2017
| Autor: | Boris Hogema, Larissa Vernier, Annick Lenglet, Sibylle Sang, Simone Vollmer, Prince Alfani, Andrea Irwin, Charity Kamau, Cono Ariti, Ali Mahamat Moussa |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Sanitation Adolescent Chad Genotype media_common.quotation_subject 030231 tropical medicine Context (language use) Serology lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases Disease Outbreaks 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Hygiene Environmental health Epidemiology Hepatitis E virus Prevalence Medicine Seroprevalence Humans lcsh:RC109-216 030212 general & internal medicine Hepatitis Antibodies Child media_common Proportional Hazards Models business.industry Transmission (medicine) Infant Newborn Outbreak Infant Seroepidemiologic studies Hepatitis E Infectious Diseases Risk factors Child Preschool Immunoglobulin G Female business Research Article |
| Zdroj: | BMC Infectious Diseases BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 1471-2334 |
| Popis: | Background From September 2016–April 2017, Am Timan, Chad, experienced a large HEV outbreak in an urban setting with a limited impact in terms of morbidity and mortality. To better understand HEV epidemiology in this context, we estimated the seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) and assessed the risk factors for recent HEV infections (positive anti-HEV IgM) during this outbreak. Methods A serological survey using simple random sampling was implemented in Am Timan at the tail-end of the outbreak (sample size aim = 384 household). Household members provided us with blood samples and household heads answered questions around water, sanitation and hygiene practices and animal ownership. Blood samples were tested for HEV IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme-Immune-Assay (EIA). We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios (PRs) for possible risk factors for recent infection using multivariate Cox regression. Results We included 241 households (1529 participants). IgM prevalence decreased with age: 12.6% ( 15 years). IgG prevalence increased with age: 23.5% ( 15 years). Risk factors for recent HEV infections included: sharing the sanitation facility with other HHs (PR 1.72; 95%CI: 1.08–2.73), not systematically using soap for HW (PR 1.85; 95%CI: 1.30–2.63) and having animals sleeping inside the compound (PR 1.69; 95%CI: 1.15–2.50). Conclusions Evidence suggests that Am Timan was already highly endemic for HEV before the outbreak, potentially explaining the limited extent of the outbreak. Recent infection with HEV was linked to household level exposures. Future HEV outbreak response must include ensuring access to safe water, and reducing household level transmission through active hygiene and sanitation promotion activities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3194-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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