Occurrence of tetrabromobisphenol a (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in soil and road dust in Chongqing, western China, with emphasis on diastereoisomer profiles, particle size distribution, and human exposure
| Autor: | Jun-Feng Lu, Ming-Jing He, Zhi-Hao Yang, Shi-Qiang Wei |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Road dust
China 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Polybrominated Biphenyls 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences Soil chemistry.chemical_compound Humans Soil Pollutants Particle Size Flame Retardants 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Hexabromocyclododecane Dust Environmental Exposure General Medicine Contamination Pollution Hydrocarbons Brominated chemistry Human exposure Environmental chemistry Particle-size distribution Tetrabromobisphenol A Environmental science Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Pollution. 242:219-228 |
| ISSN: | 0269-7491 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.087 |
| Popis: | Currently, the HBCDs were listed in Annex A by the Stockholm Convention, and the knowledge on the contamination of TBBPA and HBCDs in soil and road dust in China is still limited, and it is unclear what role is played by dust particle size distribution. In this study, a total of 81 soil and 43 road dust samples were analyzed with TBBPA and ΣHBCDs concentrations ranging fromLOQ to 33.8 ng/g dw (dry weight) and 0.43-15.2 ng/g dw in soil, and fromLOQ to 74.1 ng/g dw and 7.25-14.0 ng/g dw in road dust, respectively. TBBPA and HBCDs exhibited different spatial distribution patterns in soil, where relatively high levels of HBCDs were found in industrial area and commercial area, while high levels of TBBPA were detceted in residential area. However, no distinct variation in spatial distribution of these two compounds was observed in road dust. Different diastereoisomer profiles of HBCDs were also found with γ-HBCD predominating in soil and α-HBCD occupying a large proportion in road dust. The α-/γ-HBCD values in road dust were significantly greater (T-test, P 0.05) than those in soil, which suggested that γ-HBCD in road dust were likely to transform into α-HBCD compared with soil. The distribution of dust particle size showed that HBCDs levels were increasing with the decreasing in particle sizes, while the TBBPA showed some "accidental" peak values in specific diameter ranges. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of TBBPA and HBCDs were assessed through dust ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation via road dust, and all the exposure estimates were well below the reference dose (RfD), but the toddlers were more vulnerable to TBBPA and HBCDs intakes, which should be paid more attention. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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