Probing the energy levels of perovskite solar cells via Kelvin probe and UV ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy
| Autor: | I. D. Baikie, Julia L. Payne, Jonathon R. Harwell, Chengsheng Ni, T. K. Baikie, Graham A. Turnbull, John T. S. Irvine, Ifor D. W. Samuel |
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| Přispěvatelé: | EPSRC, The Royal Society, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM, University of St Andrews. Condensed Matter Physics |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
CONTACT
Surface photovoltage General Physics and Astronomy Perovskite solar cell Nanotechnology 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Polymer solar cell law.invention THIN-FILMS law TEMPERATURES Solar cell QD SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Physical and Theoretical Chemistry QC Kelvin probe force microscope PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS Theory of solar cells ORIGIN Chemistry business.industry Open-circuit voltage SURFACES DAS Hybrid solar cell QD Chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology HALIDE PEROVSKITES TRANSPORT 0104 chemical sciences QC Physics METAL Optoelectronics 0210 nano-technology business |
| Zdroj: | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 18:19738-19745 |
| ISSN: | 1463-9084 1463-9076 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c6cp02446g |
| Popis: | This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant codes EP/M506631/1, EP/ K015540/01, EP/K022237/1 and EP/M025330/1). IDWS and JTSI acknowledge Royal Society Wolfson research merit awards. The field of organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells has been rapidly growing since their discovery in 2009. State of the art devices are now achieving efficiencies comparable to much older technologies like silicon, while utilising simple manufacturing processes and starting materials. A key parameter to consider when optimising solar cell devices or when designing new materials is the position and effects of the energy levels in the materials. We present here a comprehensive study of the energy levels present in a common structure of perovskite solar cell using an advanced macroscopic Kelvin probe and UV air photoemission setup. By constructing a detailed map of the energy levels in the system we are able to predict the importance of each layer to the open circuit voltage of the solar cell, which we then back up through measurements of the surface photovoltage of the cell under white illumination. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of air photoemission and Kelvin probe contact potential difference measurements as a method of identifying the factors contributing to the open circuit voltage in a solar cell, as well as being an excellent way of probing the physics of new materials. Publisher PDF |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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