Which soil Cu pool governs phytotoxicity in field-collected soils contaminated by copper smelting activities in central Chile?
Autor: | Héctor Moya, Javier Santa-Cruz, Cristian Youlton, Rosanna Ginocchio, Vasyl A. Brykov, Felipe Lillo-Robles, Jaime Tapia-Gatica, Juan L. Celis-Diez, Sébastien Sauvé, Alexander Neaman, Pablo Díaz-Siefer |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology Vulpia bromoides 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Lolium perenne Mining Soil Soil series Lolium Soil Pollutants Environmental Chemistry Biomass Chile 0105 earth and related environmental sciences biology Chemistry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Plant community General Medicine General Chemistry Plants biology.organism_classification Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Hirschfeldia incana Metals Environmental chemistry Soil water Plant cover Phytotoxicity Environmental Pollution Copper |
Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 242:125176 |
ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
Popis: | Several studies have attempted to predict the so-called “phytoavailable” fraction by correlating plant responses with different soil metal pools. Most of the data derived from these studies tend to be inconsistent, making interpretations difficult. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine which soil Cu pool (free Cu2+, salt-exchangeable Cu or total Cu) controls Cu phytotoxicity in soils near a Cu smelter in central Chile. We studied the following traits of the local plant community grown spontaneously on the study site: species richness, shoot biomass, and plant cover. The site was dominated by four early plant colonizers: Eschscholzia californica Cham., Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Fossat, Lolium perenne L., and Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray. We determined exchangeable soil Cu and activity of free Cu2+ in 0.1 M KNO3 extracts using soil/solution ratio of 1/2.5. The effect of total soil Cu on plant responses was not significant (p > 0.05). In our field-collected soil series, exchangeable Cu was a better indicator of soil phytotoxicity than either total soil Cu or free Cu2+ in the soil solution. We determined upper critical threshold values for Cu exposure using the three plant traits cited above. The mean values of EC10, EC25, and EC50 (effective concentration at 10%, 25%, and 50%, respectively) of exchangeable soil Cu (in μg L−1) were 255, 391, and 533, respectively. The mean EC10, EC25 and EC50 values of pCu2+ were 7.5, 6.8, and 5.9, respectively. We highlight the importance of further studies on Cu phytotoxicity using actual field-contaminated soils. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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