Auxiliary activation of the complement system and its importance for the pathophysiology of clinical conditions
| Autor: | Rebecca Wiegner, Bo Nilsson, Karin Fromell, Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl, Markus Huber-Lang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Proteases Complement system medicine.medical_treatment Proteolysis Immunology Review Biology Trauma Substrate Specificity 03 medical and health sciences Zymogen medicine Animals Humans Immunology and Allergy Molecular Targeted Therapy Complement Activation Protease medicine.diagnostic_test Proteolytic enzymes Immunology in the medical area Complement System Proteins Kallikrein Protease inhibitors Cell biology Complement C3-C5 Convertases Classical Pathway Enzyme Activation Kinetics Crosstalk (biology) 030104 developmental biology Biochemistry Immunologi inom det medicinska området Disease Susceptibility Peptide Hydrolases Protein Binding Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Seminars in Immunopathology |
| ISSN: | 1863-2300 1863-2297 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00281-017-0646-9 |
| Popis: | Activation and regulation of the cascade systems of the blood (the complement system, the coagulation/contact activation/kallikrein system, and the fibrinolytic system) occurs via activation of zymogen molecules to specific active proteolytic enzymes. Despite the fact that the generated proteases are all present together in the blood, under physiological conditions, the activity of the generated proteases is controlled by endogenous protease inhibitors. Consequently, there is remarkable little crosstalk between the different systems in the fluid phase. This concept review article aims at identifying and describing conditions where the strict system-related control is circumvented. These include clinical settings where massive amounts of proteolytic enzymes are released from tissues, e.g., during pancreatitis or post-traumatic tissue damage, resulting in consumption of the natural substrates of the specific proteases and the available protease inhibitor. Another example of cascade system dysregulation is disseminated intravascular coagulation, with canonical activation of all cascade systems of the blood, also leading to specific substrate and protease inhibitor elimination. The present review explains basic concepts in protease biochemistry of importance to understand clinical conditions with extensive protease activation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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