Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs
| Autor: | Mobarak Abu Mraheil, Hanno Huwer, Jürg Hamacher, Yalda Hadizamani, Boris A. Gorshkov, Rudolf Lucas, Thomas Bodmer, Yves Berthiaume, Hartmut Lode, Joyce Gonzales, Ueli Moehrlen, Trinad Chakraborty, Martina Hudel, Haroldo A. Toque |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Lucas, Rudolf |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
ARDS
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis lcsh:Medicine 610 Medicine & health Review Lung injury Adaptive Immunity Toxicology Pathogenesis 03 medical and health sciences 2307 Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis medicine Animals Humans pulmonary edema 10220 Clinic for Surgery Lung Respiratory Tract Infections 030304 developmental biology bacterial toxins alveolar liquid clearance 0303 health sciences Innate immune system Bacteria 030306 microbiology business.industry lcsh:R 3005 Toxicology Bacterial Infections respiratory system Pulmonary edema medicine.disease Acquired immune system Immunity Innate alveolar-capillary barrier Chronic infection medicine.anatomical_structure host defense inflammation Immunology Host-Pathogen Interactions Disease Progression business Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 223, p 223 (2020) Toxins |
| ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
| Popis: | Bacterial toxins play a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Based on their structural and functional properties, they employ various strategies to modulate lung barrier function and to impair host defense in order to promote infection. Although in general, these toxins target common cellular signaling pathways and host compartments, toxin- and cell-specific effects have also been reported. Toxins can affect resident pulmonary cells involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and barrier function through impairing vectorial Na+ transport and through cytoskeletal collapse, as such, destroying cell-cell adhesions. The resulting loss of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity and fluid clearance capacity will induce capillary leak and foster edema formation, which will in turn impair gas exchange and endanger the survival of the host. Toxins modulate or neutralize protective host cell mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immunity response during chronic infection. In particular, toxins can either recruit or kill central players of the lung’s innate immune responses to pathogenic attacks, i.e., alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils. Pulmonary disorders resulting from these toxin actions include, e.g., acute lung injury (ALI), the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and severe pneumonia. When acute infection converts to persistence, i.e., colonization and chronic infection, lung diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) can arise. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of bacterial toxins in the lungs and the resulting outcomes for pathogenesis, their roles in promoting bacterial dissemination, and bacterial survival in disease progression. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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