Application of Heated Inlet Extensions to the TSI 3306/3321 System: Comparison with the Andersen Cascade Impactor and Next Generation Impactor
| Autor: | Erik Mogalian, Mark Nagel, Paul B. Myrdal, Brent Kiser, Mike Woessner, Stephen W. Stein, Mark Prell, Jolyon P. Mitchell, Charlie Wright |
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| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
geography geography.geographical_feature_category Inertial impaction Meteorology Chemistry Temperature Analytical chemistry Evaporation Equipment Design Inlet Aerosol Aerosol Propellants Administration Inhalation Pharynx Pharmacology (medical) Metered Dose Inhalers Particle size Particle Size Cascade impactor Particle fraction |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Aerosol Medicine. 19:543-554 |
| ISSN: | 1557-9026 0894-2684 |
| DOI: | 10.1089/jam.2006.19.543 |
| Popis: | Pharmaceutical aerosol size distribution analysis based on multi-stage inertial impaction is well accepted, though laborious. The TSI 3306 Impactor Inlet/3321 time-of-flight (TOF) Aerodynamic Particle Size Analyzer (APS) has been evaluated for its ease of use and potential for time savings during product development. However, instrument inlet modifications may be necessary for increased correlation with equivalent measurements obtained by inertial impaction following pharmacopeial methods. A heated inlet extension tube was located between the USP/Ph.Eur. throat and the Single-Stage Impactor (SSI) to promote evaporation of residual ethanol from aerosol droplets, generated from two formulations containing ethanol as semi-volatile solubilizer (8 and 20% w/w) for the active pharmaceutical ingredient. As temperature and extension length increased, the SSI-measured fine particle fraction (aerosol4.7 microm aerodynamic diameter) also increased, for the aerosols used in this study. These values correlated quite closely with equivalent measures made by multi-stage cascade impactor equipped with the same throat. Particle size distribution profiles measured with the APS for either formulation did not significantly change utilizing the heated extensions, suggesting that ethanol evaporation was largely complete at any condition by the time the aerosol entered the measurement zone of the TOF analyzer. The addition of a heated inlet extension may be useful to facilitate evaporation of residual semi-volatile species, especially when an agreement of APS-derived particle size mass distribution data from the SSI with multi-stage cascade impactors is desired. However, complete evaporation of the semi-volatile species may not be necessary for SSI-generated mass distribution to match conventionally used cascade impactors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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