Management of Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: Has Anything Changed?
| Autor: | Navneet Arora, Lokhesh C. Anbalagan, Ashok Kumar Pannu |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Phosphines medicine.medical_treatment Antidotes Clinical Biochemistry Pharmaceutical Science Cochrane Library Case fatality rate medicine Humans Multicenter Studies as Topic Pharmacology (medical) Pesticides Lethal toxin Aluminum Compounds Intensive care medicine Antidote Severe toxicity Toxidrome business.industry Biochemistry (medical) medicine.disease Glucose Aluminum phosphide Lipid emulsion business |
| Zdroj: | Drug Metabolism Letters. 14:106-116 |
| ISSN: | 1872-3128 |
| DOI: | 10.2174/1872312814666210813115625 |
| Popis: | Due to its easy availability, rapid and severe toxicity, and no specific antidote, aluminum phosphide has emerged as a lethal toxin, commonly used for suicidal intent in agricultural communities. Despite various advances in medicine, this compound’s toxicity is poorly understood, and it still has a very high case fatality rate with no definitive treatment options available. This review aims to understand the mechanism of toxicity, clinical toxidrome of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning, and the available therapeutic options, including recent advances. A literature review was performed searching PubMed, EMBASE Ovid, and Cochrane Library, using the following search items: (“aluminum phosphide poisoning” OR “aluminum phosphide poisoning toxicity” OR “aluminum phosphide ingestion”) AND (“management” OR “therapy” OR “treatment”). Selected articles were discussed amongst all the authors to shape this review. High case fatality rate and lack of any specific antidote are persisting challenges. Therapeutic measures need to be implemented from all fronts – reducing easy access to the poison, developing less toxic alternatives for use as a pesticide, and more studies directed at developing an effective reversal agent for phosphine. The advent of promising agents like glucose-insulin-potassium infusion and lipid emulsion is a new ray of hope in the complete recovery in this fatal poisoning. The need of the hour is to find an agent that rapidly and effectively reverses aluminum phosphide's toxic effects. Large multicenter controlled trials are required to establish the role of glucose-insulin-potassium and lipid emulsion. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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