Quick Olfactory Sniffin’ Sticks Test (Q-Sticks) for the detection of smell disorders in COVID-19 patients
| Autor: | Giovanni Passalacqua, Davide Mocellin, Frank Rikki Canevari, Andrea Luigi Camillo Carobbio, Anna Maria Riccio, Diego Bagnasco, Elena Tagliabue, Alessandro Ioppi, Fulvio Braido, Marta Filauro, Filippo Cosini |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ACE-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Anosmia Immunology ENT Q-stick test Disease Asymptomatic Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Hyposmia medicine Immunology and Allergy 030223 otorhinolaryngology COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019 business.industry Respiratory disease COVID-19 medicine.disease UPSIT University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test Test (assessment) 030228 respiratory system Respiratory failure medicine.symptom lcsh:RC581-607 business |
| Zdroj: | The World Allergy Organization Journal World Allergy Organization Journal, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 100497-(2021) World Allergy Organization Journal |
| ISSN: | 1939-4551 |
| Popis: | Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection represents a worldwide critical health burden from the sanitary perspective. This disease's symptoms range from a mild flu-like form to a severe life-threatening respiratory disease and respiratory failure. Several patients, however, remain paucisymptomatic. Among the symptoms that seem relevant are the changes in taste and smell, regardless of the disease's severity. Methods Data from patients affected by COVID-19 infection, hospitalized from 15 to 29 April, 2020, were analyzed. Questionnaires about smell, taste, and nasal function were administered to all, and a proportion also received the Quick olfactory Sniffin’ Sticks Test (q-Sticks) to objectivate the presence of anosmia or hyposmia. The results of instruments and Q-Sticks were then compared. Results Thirty-seven patients (20 males, 54.1%), with a mean age 0f 69.19 years (SD = 17.96; median 76, IQR: 63–82) were evaluated. Among the patients, 8 (22%) were asymptomatic. Out of the remaining 29 patients, 28 (97%) had fever, 19 (66%) asthenia, 11 (38%) dry cough, 10 (34%) dyspnea, and 6 (21%) gastroenteric symptoms. The q-Sticks test was performed on 27 patients and showed that 6 with anosmia, and 16 patients had hyposmia, where only 5 (14%) patients complained of loss of smell by conducting the questionnaires. Conclusion Although olfactory disturbances may be secondary to other factors, a sudden onset of anosmia or hyposmia should be assessed as a possible symptom of COVID-19 infection. The use of questionnaires or anamnestic collection is sometimes not enough, while adding to them a simple test such as the q-Sticks test can provide more accurate and reliable data. A simple, easy-to-perform, and reliable tool (q-Sticks) for olfactory disorders assessment can be administered to identify the real size of anosmia in patients with COVID-19 infection and detect the early stage of infection or paucisymptomatic patients, therefore becoming important to reduce the spreading of the pandemic. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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