Primitive Extracellular Lipid Components on the Surface of the Charophytic Alga Klebsormidium flaccidum and Their Possible Biosynthetic Pathways as Deduced from the Genome Sequence
| Autor: | Kinuka Ohtaka, Mie Shimojima, Atsuko Kobayashi, Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto, Takashi Nobusawa, Koichi Hori, Tsubasa Kato, Satoshi Kondo, Hiroyuki Ohta, Naoko Yuno-Ohta |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Arabidopsis thaliana Cuticle Microorganism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plant Science Cutin Biology 01 natural sciences Cell wall 03 medical and health sciences Algae Botany extracellular lipids Original Research wax Wax fungi food and beverages biology.organism_classification polyester backbone 030104 developmental biology visual_art Klebsormidium flaccidum visual_art.visual_art_medium cuticle 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | ResearcherID Frontiers in Plant Science |
| ISSN: | 1664-462X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpls.2016.00952 |
| Popis: | Klebsormidium flaccidum is a charophytic alga living in terrestrial and semiaquatic environments. K. flaccidum grows in various habitats, such as low-temperature areas and under desiccated conditions, because of its ability to tolerate harsh environments. Wax and cuticle polymers that contribute to the cuticle layer of plants are important for the survival of land plants, as they protect against those harsh environmental conditions and were probably critical for the transition from aquatic microorganism to land plants. Bryophytes, non-vascular land plants, have similar, but simpler, extracellular waxes and polyester backbones than those of vascular plants. The presence of waxes in terrestrial algae, especially in charophytes, which are the closest algae to land plants, could provide clues in elucidating the mechanism of land colonization by plants. Here, we compared genes involved in the lipid biosynthetic pathways of Arabidopsis thaliana to the K. flaccidum and the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genomes, and identified wax-related genes in both algae. A simple and easy extraction method was developed for the recovery of the surface lipids from K. flaccidum and C. reinhardtii. Although these algae have wax components, their surface lipids were largely different from those of land plants. We also investigated aliphatic substances in the cell wall fraction of K. flaccidum and C. reinhardtii. Many of the fatty acids were determined to be lipophilic monomers in K. flaccidum, and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed that their possible binding mode was distinct from that of A. thaliana. Thus, we propose that K. flaccidum has a cuticle-like hydrophobic layer composed of lipids and glycoproteins, with a different composition from the cutin polymer typically found in land plant cuticles. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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