ESSC-ESF Position Paper-Science-Driven Scenario for Space Exploration: Report from the European Space Sciences Committee (ESSC)
Autor: | Angioletta Coradini, Roberto Marco, Manuel Grande, Dave Rothery, Frances Westall, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Helmut Lammer, Antonella Barucci, Pascale Ehrenfreund, Peter Norsk, Gerhard Haerendel, Jean-Claude Worms, Bernhard Koch, J. E. Blamont, John Robert Brucato, Ian A. Crawford, Stephan Ulamec, Cam Tropea, Rupert Gerzer, Eric Chassefière, John C. Zarnecki, Monica M. Grady, Michel Blanc, Jean-Pierre Swings, Heno Falcke, Gerda Horneck, Reta Beebe, Andrei Lobanov, José Juan López-Moreno, Roger Bonnet |
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Přispěvatelé: | European Space Science Committee-European Science Foundation (ESSC-ESF), European Science Foundation (ESF), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), New Mexico State University, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), École polytechnique (X), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Birkbeck College [University of London], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Planetary and Space Sciences [Milton Keynes] (PSS), School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), University of Whales, Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universiteit Leiden, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Technische Universität Darmstadt - Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
Rok vydání: | 2009 |
Předmět: |
Robotic exploration
Societies Scientific MARS-EXPRESS European exploration programme Robotic exploration Human lunar missions Human Mars missions NEOs Sample return missions Planetary protection International cooperation NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS MARS-EXPRESS ASTRONOMY MOON Extraterrestrial Environment 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Planetary protection [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] Astronomy International Cooperation European exploration programme [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] Human Mars missions Mars Library science Context (language use) 01 natural sciences Space exploration Minor Planets Astrobiology 0103 physical sciences Humans Human lunar missions Moon GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g. dictionaries encyclopedias glossaries) 010303 astronomy & astrophysics ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Human spaceflight ASTRONOMY International Agencies Timeline Robotics Mars Exploration Program Space Flight Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Europe NEOs 13. Climate action Space and Planetary Science Astronauts Position paper Sample return missions Space Science Goals Geology |
Zdroj: | Astrobiology Astrobiology, Mary Ann Liebert, 2009, 9 (1), pp.23-41. ⟨10.1089/ast.2007.1226⟩ Astrobiology, 9, 23-41 Astrobiology, 9, 1, pp. 23-41 Astrobiology, 2009, 9 (1), pp.23-41. ⟨10.1089/ast.2007.1226⟩ |
ISSN: | 1531-1074 |
Popis: | International audience; In 2005 the then ESA Directorate for Human Spaceflight, Microgravity and Exploration (D-HME) commissioned a study from the European Science Foundation's (ESF) European Space Sciences Committee (ESSC) to examine the science aspects of the Aurora Programme in preparation for the December 2005 Ministerial Conference of ESA Member States, held in Berlin. A first interim report was presented to ESA at the second stakeholders meeting on 30 and 31 May 2005. A second draft report was made available at the time of the final science stakeholders meeting on 16 September 2005 in order for ESA to use its recommendations to prepare the Executive proposal to the Ministerial Conference. The final ESSC report on that activity came a few months after the Ministerial Conference (June 2006) and attempted to capture some elements of the new situation after Berlin, and in the context of the reduction in NASA's budget that was taking place at that time; e. g., the postponement sine die of the Mars Sample Return mission. At the time of this study, ESSC made it clear to ESA that the timeline imposed prior to the Berlin Conference had not allowed for a proper consultation of the relevant science community and that this should be corrected in the near future. In response to that recommendation, ESSC was asked again in the summer of 2006 to initiate a broad consultation to define a science-driven scenario for the Aurora Programme. This exercise ran between October 2006 and May 2007. ESA provided the funding for staff support, publication costs, and costs related to meetings of a Steering Group, two meetings of a larger ad hoc group ( 7 and 8 December 2006 and 8 February 2007), and a final scientific workshop on 15 and 16 May 2007 in Athens. As a result of these meetings a draft report was produced and examined by the Ad Hoc Group. Following their endorsement of the report and its approval by the plenary meeting of the ESSC, the draft report was externally refereed, as is now normal practice with all ESSC-ESF reports, and amended accordingly. The Ad Hoc Group defined overarching scientific goals for Europe's exploration programme, dubbed "Emergence and co-evolution of life with its planetary environments,"focusing on those targets that can ultimately be reached by humans, i.e., Mars, the Moon, and Near Earth Objects. Mars was further recognized as the focus of that programme, with Mars sample return as the recognized primary goal; furthermore the report clearly states that Europe should position itself as a major actor in defining and leading Mars sample return missions. The report is reproduced in this article. On 26 November 2008 the Ministers of ESA Member States decided to give a high strategic priority to the robotic exploration programme of Mars by funding the enhanced ExoMars mission component, in line therefore with the recommendations from this ESSC-ESF report. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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