Making biomedicine in twentieth-century Italy: Domenico Marotta (1886–1974) and the Italian Higher Institute of Health
| Autor: | Mauro Capocci, Daniele Cozzoli |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
History
medicine.medical_specialty Biomedical Research media_common.quotation_subject Penicillins Public administration Modernization theory Politics History and Philosophy of Science Environmental protection Political science Medical Laboratory Personnel Institution medicine Humans Democratization Biomedicine media_common Government business.industry Public health Academies and Institutes History 19th Century History 20th Century Private sector Anti-Bacterial Agents Nobel Prize Italy Public Health business |
| Zdroj: | The British Journal for the History of Science. 44:549-574 |
| ISSN: | 1474-001X 0007-0874 |
| DOI: | 10.1017/s0007087411000604 |
| Popis: | This paper focuses on the role played by Domenico Marotta, director of the ISS (Higher Institute of Health) for over twenty-five years, in the development of twentieth-century Italian biomedicine. We will show that Marotta aimed to create an integrated centre for research and production able to interact with private industry. To accomplish this, Marotta shifted the original mission of the ISS, from public health to scientific research. Yet Mussolini's policy turned most of the ISS resources towards controls and military tasks, opposing Marotta's aspiration. By contrast, in the post-war years Marotta was able to turn the ISS into the most important Italian biomedical research institution, where research and production fruitfully cohabited. Nobel laureates, such as Ernst Chain, and future Nobel laureates, such as Daniel Bovet, were hired. The ISS built up an integrated research and production centre for penicillin and antibiotics. In the 1960s, Marotta's vision was in accord with the new centre-left government. However, he pursued his goals by ruling the ISS autocratically and beyond any legal control. This eventually led to his downfall and prosecution. This also marked the decline of the ISS, intertwined with the weakness of the centre-left government, who failed to achieve structural reforms and couple the modernization of the country with the democratization of its scientific institutions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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