Neurometabolic effects of psilocybin, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE) and d-methamphetamine in healthy volunteers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled PET study with [18F]FDG
| Autor: | Henning Sass, Udalrich Büll, M. Schreckenberger, Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, Manfred Spitzer, Leopold Hermle, Karl-Artur Kovar, Christoph Arning, Osama Sabri, B. Thelen |
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| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
Hallucinogen
Adult Male medicine.medical_specialty Psychosis medicine.medical_treatment Ecstasy Psilocybin Methamphetamine chemistry.chemical_compound Adrenergic Agents Cognition Double-Blind Method Internal medicine Cerebellum medicine Humans Psychiatry Radionuclide Imaging 3 4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine Nootropic Agents Pharmacology Psychopathology Cognitive disorder Meth Middle Aged medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stimulant Psychiatry and Mental health Endocrinology Glucose chemistry Hallucinogens Female Psychology medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 20(6) |
| ISSN: | 0893-133X |
| Popis: | The neurometabolic effects of the hallucinogen psilocybin (PSI; 0.2 mg/kg), the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE; 2 mg/kg) and the stimulant d-methamphetamine (METH; 0.2-0.4 mg/kg) and the drugs' interactions with a prefrontal activation task were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled human [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucoseFDG-positron emission tomographicPET study (each group: n = 8). Subjects underwent two scans (control: word repetition; activation word association) within 2-4 weeks. Psilocybin increased rMRGlu in distinct right hemispheric frontotemporal cortical regions, particularly in the anterior cingulate and decreased rMRGlu in the thalamus. Both MDE and METH induced cortical hypometabolism and cerebellar hypermetabolism. In the MDE group, cortical hypometabolism was more pronounced in frontal regions, with the exception of the right anterior cingulate, which tended to be hyperactive. Cognitive activation-related increases in left frontocortical regions were attenuated under all three psychoactive substances, but less so under MDE. Taking into account performance data and subjective reports on task difficulty, these effects may result from different mechanisms across the three groups. Our PSI data are in line with studies on acute schizophrenic patients suggesting frontal overactivity at rest, but diminished capacity to activate prefrontal regions upon cognitive demand. The MDE data support the hypothesis that entactogens constitute a distinct psychoactive substance class, which takes an intermediate position between stimulants and hallucinogens. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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