A comparison of dexmedetomidine, moxonidine and alpha-methyldopa effects on acute, lethal cocaine toxicity
| Autor: | Selim Kortunay, Aykut Uyanik, Bulent Erdur, Aykut Yuksel, Mert Ozen, Atakan Yilmaz, Murat Seyit, Ahmet Ergin, Önder Tomruk |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_treatment
animal experiment Intoxication comparative effectiveness cocaine methyldopa Pharmacology Alpha-Methyldopa Article lethality Cocaine toxicity medicine controlled study Dexmedetomidine Saline outcome assessment mouse moxonidine Moxonidine nonhuman business.industry animal model cocaine toxicity dexmedetomidine General Medicine Alpha methyldopa Kowsar cocaine dependence convulsion Anesthesia placebo Premedication Righting reflex business Research Article medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal |
| Popis: | Background: The treatment of cocaine toxicity is an important subject for emergency physicians. We investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine, moxonidine and alpha-methyldopa on acute cocaine toxicity in mice. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine, moxonidine and alpha-methyldopa in a mouse model of acute cocaine toxicity. Materials and Methods: We performed an experiment consisting of four groups (n = 25 each). The first group received normal saline solution, the second group received 40 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine, the third group received 0.1 mg/kg of moxonidine and the fourth group received 200 mg/kg of alpha-methyldopa, all of which were intraperitoneally administered 10 minutes before cocaine hydrochloride (105 mg/kg). All animals were observed for seizures (popcorn jumping, tonic-clonic activity, or a loss of the righting reflex) and lethality over the 30 minutes following cocaine treatment. Results: The ratio of animals with convulsions was lower in all treated groups when compared to the control (P < 0.001). Furthermore, 68% (n = 17) of animals in the dexmedetomidine group, 84% (n = 21) of the alpha-methyldopa group, 92% (n = 23) of the moxonidine group and 100% (n = 25) of the control group showed evidence of seizure activity (P = 0.009). Cocaine-induced lethality was observed in 12% (n = 3) of the dexmedetomidine group, 48% (n = 12) of the alpha-methyldopa group, 52% (n = 13) of the moxonidine group, and 72% (n = 18) of the control group (P < 0.001). All treatments prolonged the time to seizure, which was longest in the dexmedetomidine group (P > 0.05). In addition, the time to lethality was also longer in the same group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study provides the first experimental evidence in support of dexmedetomidine treatment for cocaine-induced seizures. Premedication with dexmedetomidine reduces seizure activity in a mouse model of acute cocaine toxicity. In addition, while dexmedetomidine may be effective, moxonidine and alpha-methyldopa did not effectively prevent cocaine-induced lethality. © 2015, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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