β2M Signals Monocytes Through Non-Canonical TGFβ Receptor Signal Transduction
| Autor: | Mark R. Looney, Kathleen E. McGrath, Laura Tesoro, Sara Ture, Simon J. Cleary, Craig N. Morrell, Daphne N. Pariser, Preeti Maurya, Zachary T. Hilt |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cell signaling Physiology MAP Kinase Kinase 4 THP-1 Cells Endogeny Smad Proteins Monocyte Article Monocytes Proinflammatory cytokine 03 medical and health sciences Mice 0302 clinical medicine In vivo medicine Animals Humans Receptor Cytokine Cells Cultured Inflammation Chemistry Platelet NF-kappa B Cell Differentiation Cell biology Mice Inbred C57BL 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Signal transduction Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine beta 2-Microglobulin Receptors Transforming Growth Factor beta Transforming growth factor Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Circ Res DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria instname DDFV: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria Universidad Francisco de Vitoria |
| Popis: | Rationale: Circulating monocytes can have proinflammatory or proreparative phenotypes. The endogenous signaling molecules and pathways that regulate monocyte polarization in vivo are poorly understood. We have shown that platelet-derived β2M (β-2 microglobulin) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) have opposing effects on monocytes by inducing inflammatory and reparative phenotypes, respectively, but each bind and signal through the same receptor. We now define the signaling pathways involved. Objective: To determine the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways by which β2M and TGF-β regulate monocyte responses both in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results: Wild-type– (WT) and platelet-specific β2M knockout mice were treated intravenously with either β2M or TGF-β to increase plasma concentrations to those in cardiovascular diseases. Elevated plasma β2M increased proinflammatory monocytes, while increased plasma TGFβ increased proreparative monocytes. TGF-βR (TGF-β receptor) inhibition blunted monocyte responses to both β2M and TGF-β in vivo. Using imaging flow cytometry, we found that β2M decreased monocyte SMAD2/3 nuclear localization, while TGF-β promoted SMAD nuclear translocation but decreased noncanonical/inflammatory (JNK [jun kinase] and NF-κB [nuclear factor-κB] nuclear localization). This was confirmed in vitro using both imaging flow cytometry and immunoblots. β2M, but not TGF-β, promoted ubiquitination of SMAD3 and SMAD4, that inhibited their nuclear trafficking. Inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity blocked noncanonical SMAD-independent monocyte signaling and skewed monocytes towards a proreparative monocyte response. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that elevated plasma β2M and TGF-β dichotomously polarize monocytes. Furthermore, these immune molecules share a common receptor but induce SMAD-dependent canonical signaling (TGF-β) versus noncanonical SMAD-independent signaling (β2M) in a ubiquitin ligase dependent manner. This work has broad implications as β2M is increased in several inflammatory conditions, while TGF-β is increased in fibrotic diseases. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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