Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes
| Autor: | Yoanes Maria Vianney, Klaus Weisz, Swantje Mohr, Jagannath Jana |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Chemistry Guanine Stereochemistry Context (language use) 010402 general chemistry G-quadruplex 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) Biochemistry 0104 chemical sciences Folding (chemistry) 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 030104 developmental biology Chemistry (miscellaneous) Nucleic acid heterocyclic compounds Sequence motif Structural motif Molecular Biology DNA |
| Zdroj: | RSC Chemical Biology |
| ISSN: | 2633-0679 |
| Popis: | Guanine(G)-rich DNA or RNA sequences can assemble or intramolecularly fold into G-quadruplexes formed through the stacking of planar G·G·G·G tetrads in the presence of monovalent cations. These secondary nucleic acid structures have convincingly been shown to also exist within a cellular environment exerting important regulatory functions in physiological processes. For identifying nucleic acid segments prone to quadruplex formation, a putative quadruplex sequence motif encompassing closely spaced tracts of three or more guanosines is frequently employed for bioinformatic search algorithms. Depending on the number and type of intervening residues as well as on solution conditions, such sequences may fold into various canonical G4 topologies with continuous G-columns. On the other hand, a growing number of sequences capable of quadruplex formation feature G-deficient guanine tracts, escaping the conservative consensus motif. By folding into non-canonical quadruplex structures, they adopt unique topologies depending on their specific sequence context. These include G-columns with only two guanines, bulges, snapback loops, D- and V-shaped loops as well as interlocked structures. This review focuses on G-quadruplex species carrying such distinct structural motifs. It evaluates characteristic features of their non-conventional scaffold and highlights principles of stabilizing interactions that also allow for their folding into stable G-quadruplex structures. G-rich nucleic acid sequences encompassing G-tracts of varying lengths can fold into different non-canonical G-quadruplexes with distinct structural features. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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