Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project
| Autor: | M Dodic Fikfak, Bertil Forsberg, Christian Schindler, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Juha Pekkanen, Klea Katsouyanni, K. Nisiotis, Agnès Lefranc, R. Brunstein, Giota Touloumi, E. Niciu, Evangelia Samoli, Evgenia Aga, Joel Schwartz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Cross-Cultural Comparison Urban Population Population Nitrogen Dioxide Respiratory Tract Diseases Statistics as Topic Air pollution Black smoke medicine.disease_cause chemistry.chemical_compound Environmental health Cause of Death Smoke Medicine Humans Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen dioxide education Pollutant education.field_of_study Air Pollutants Models Statistical business.industry Confounding Smoking Dust Particulates Europe chemistry Cardiovascular Diseases business |
| Zdroj: | The European respiratory journal. 27(6) |
| ISSN: | 0903-1936 |
| Popis: | The short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) on total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 30 European cities participating in the Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach (APHEA)-2 project were investigated. The association was examined using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analysed separately, whereas in the second stage, the city-specific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity. A significant association of NO(2) with total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was found, with stronger effects on cause-specific mortality. There was evidence of confounding in respiratory mortality with black smoke and sulphur dioxide. The effect of NO(2) on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities, and was larger when smoking prevalence was lower and household gas consumption was higher. The effect of NO(2) on respiratory mortality was higher in cities with a larger proportion of elderly persons in the population and higher levels of particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mum. The results of this large study are consistent with an independent effect of nitrogen dioxide on mortality, but the role of nitrogen dioxide as a surrogate of other unmeasured pollutants cannot be completely ruled out. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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