Substances detected in used syringes of injecting drug users across 7 cities in Europe in 2017 and 2018: The European Syringe Collection and Analysis Project Enterprise (ESCAPE)

Autor: Elodie Lefrancois, Volker Auwärter, Denise A. McKeown, Jozsef Csorba, Sara Karolak, Anne Arponen, Teemu Gunnar, Tibor M. Brunt, Victor Detrez, Daniel Deimel, Jürgen Kempf, Thomas Seyler, Anneke E. Goudriaan, Thomas Nefau, Andrew McAuley
Přispěvatelé: Adult Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, APH - Digital Health
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: International journal on drug policy, 95:103130. Elsevier
BASE-Bielefeld Academic Search Engine
ISSN: 0955-3959
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103130
Popis: Background and aims Injecting drug use is a matter of public health concern, associated with risks of overdoses, addiction and increased risk of bloodborne viral transmissions. Self-reported data on substances injected can be inaccurate or subject to bias or drug users might be oblivious to their injected substances or adulterations. Gathering of robust analytical information on the actual composition of substances injected might provide better information about the drugs that are being used. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the residual content of discarded syringes collected across 7 European cities, collectively called the European Syringe Collection and Analysis Project Enterprise (ESCAPE). Methods Used syringes were collected at street automatic injection kit dispensers or at harm-reduction services in Amsterdam, Budapest, Cologne, Glasgow, Helsinki, Lausanne and Paris. Two sampling periods were executed thus far, in 2017 and 2018. Qualitative chemical analysis of the content of used syringes was performed combining gas chromatographic (GC) and ultra(high)performance liquid chromatographic ((U)HPLC) analytical techniques with detection by mass spectrometry (MS). Results Substances detected most frequently across both campaigns were cocaine, heroin, buprenorphine, amphetamines and synthetic cathinones. In Amsterdam, Cologne, Lausanne and Glasgow heroin and cocaine were the psychoactive substances most often detected, often in conjunction with each other. Helsinki showed a high presence of buprenorphine and amphetamines. In Budapest and Paris, synthetic cathinones were frequently detected. Less synthetic cathinones and cocaine was detected in 2018, whereas buprenorphine was detected almost twice as much. Inner-city variations were found, probably reflecting the types of people who inject drugs (PWID) in different areas of the city. Conclusion Overall, laboratory-confirmed local data on injected substances showed resemblance to national surveys done among PWID. However, the ESCAPE data also showed some interesting differences, showing it can be used for local interventions and complementing existing monitoring data.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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