Fitness, fatness and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in children from Denmark, Estonia and Portugal: The European Youth Heart Study
Autor: | Luís B. Sardinha, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lars Bo Andersen, Angie S Page, Karsten Froberg, Chris Riddoch |
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Rok vydání: | 2008 |
Předmět: |
Estonia
Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Cross-sectional study Denmark Physical fitness Cardiovascular risk factors Overweight Body Mass Index Waist–hip ratio Predictive Value of Tests Risk Factors Environmental health Confidence Intervals Odds Ratio medicine Cluster Analysis Humans Child skin and connective tissue diseases Exercise Adiposity Nutrition and Dietetics Portugal Waist-Hip Ratio business.industry Health Policy Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health nutritional and metabolic diseases Odds ratio Lipids Skinfold Thickness Cross-Sectional Studies Multicenter study Cardiovascular Diseases Physical Fitness Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Physical therapy Female sense organs medicine.symptom business Body mass index |
Zdroj: | Andersen, L B, Sardinha, L B, Froberg, K, Riddoch, C J, Page, A S & Anderssen, S A 2008, ' Fitness, fatness and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in children from Denmark, Estonia and Portugal : the European Youth Heart Study ', International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, vol. 3, no. Suppl 1, pp. 58-66 . https://doi.org/10.1080/17477160801896366 |
ISSN: | 1747-7174 1747-7166 |
Popis: | BACKGROUND: Levels of overweight have increased and fitness has decreased in children. Potentially, these changes may be a threat to future health. Numerous studies have measured changes in body mass index (BMI), but few have assessed the independent effects of low fitness, overweight and physical inactivity on cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional multi-center study including 1 769 children from Denmark, Estonia and Portugal. The main outcome was clustering of CVD risk factors. Independent variables were waist circumference, skinfolds, physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness. RESULTS: Both waist circumference and skinfolds were associated with clustered CVD risk. Odds ratios for clustered CVD risk for the upper quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were 9.13 (95% CI: 5.78-14.43) and 11.62 (95% CI: 7.11-18.99) when systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, insulin resistance homeostasis assessment model (HOMA) score, cholesterol:HDL, and fitness were included in the score. When fitness was removed from the clustered risk variable, the association for fatness attenuated and after further adjustment for fitness, only the highest quartiles of the fatness parameters were significant. Fitness showed the same strength of association with the clustered risk score including systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HOMA score, and cholesterol:HDL with odds ratio for the upper quartile of 4.97 (95% CI: 3.20-7.73). Physical activity was associated with clustered risk even after adjustment for fitness and fatness with an odds ratio for the upper quartile of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.18-2.76). CONCLUSION: Physical activity, fitness, skinfold and waist circumference were all independently associated with clustered CVD risk. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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