Effects of Transverse Groynes on Meso-Habitat Suitability for Native Fish Species on a Regulated By-Passed Large River: A Case Study along the Rhine River

Autor: Jean-Nicolas Beisel, Valentin Chardon, Cybill Staentzel, Hervé Piégay, Anne Clutier, Laurent Schmitt, Agnès Barillier
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), EDF-CIH, Savoie Technolac, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
transverse groynes
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering
Geography
Planning and Development
Biodiversity
Fluvial
geomorphic monitoring
010501 environmental sciences
Aquatic Science
01 natural sciences
Biochemistry
Deposition (geology)
lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
lcsh:TC1-978
fish habitat models
14. Life underwater
Bank erosion
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Water Science and Technology
Riparian zone
riverscape approach
Hydrology
geography
lcsh:TD201-500
geography.geographical_feature_category
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
15. Life on land
6. Clean water
Current (stream)
Habitat
13. Climate action
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Environmental science
river restoration
large rivers
Channel (geography)
Zdroj: Water
Water, 2020, 12, ⟨10.3390/w12040987⟩
Water, Vol 12, Iss 987, p 987 (2020)
Water, 2020, 12 (4), pp.987. ⟨10.3390/w12040987⟩
Volume 12
Issue 4
Water, MDPI, 2020, 12 (4), pp.987. ⟨10.3390/w12040987⟩
ISSN: 2073-4441
Popis: International audience; River regulations ultimately degrade fluvial forms and morphodynamics and simplify riparian and aquatic habitats. For several decades, river restoration actions have been performed to recover geomorphic processes and diversify these habitats to enhance both river biodiversity and ecosystem services. The objective of this study is to provide quantitative feedback on the experimental restoration of a large regulated and bypassed river (the Upper Rhine downstream of the Kembs Dam, France/Germany). This restoration consisted of the construction of two transverse groynes and the removal of bank protection. A monitoring framework composed of topo-bathymetric surveys as well as flow velocity and grain size measurements was established to assess the channel morphodynamic responses and evaluate their effects on habitat suitability for five native fish species using habitat models. A riverscape approach was used to evaluate the landscape changes in terms of both the configuration and the composition, which cannot be considered with classic approaches (e.g., Weighted Usable Area). Our results show that the two transverse groynes and, to a lesser extent, bank erosion, which was locally enhanced by the two groynes, increased habitat diversity due to the creation of new macroforms (e.g., pools and mid-bars) and fining of the bed grain size. Using a riverscape approach, our findings highlight that the restoration improved eel and juvenile nase species due to slowing down of the current and the deposition of fine sediments downstream of both groynes. As a consequence, the restoration improved the habitat suitability of the studied reach for more fish species compared with the pre-restoration conditions. This study also demonstrates that the salmon habitats downstream of the restored reach were improved due to fining of the bed grain size. This finding highlights that, for restorations aimed at fish habitats, the grain size conditions must be taken into consideration along with the flow conditions. Furthermore, the implementation of groynes, while not a panacea in terms of functional restoration, can be a strategy for improving fish habitats on highly regulated rivers, but only when more functional and natural options are impossible due to major constraints.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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