Early Zebrafish Embryogenesis Is Susceptible to Developmental TDCPP Exposure

Autor: Heather M. Stapleton, David C. Volz, Sean P. McGee, Ellen M. Cooper
Rok vydání: 2012
Předmět:
Tris
flame retardant
Zygote
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Restriction Mapping
TDCPP
Tris(1
3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate
Developmental toxicity
010501 environmental sciences
Biology
01 natural sciences
Median lethal dose
Lethal Dose 50
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Organophosphorus Compounds
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated
Animals
cleavage
Zebrafish
Flame Retardants
030304 developmental biology
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Genetics
0303 health sciences
DNA methylation
Research
Embryogenesis
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Gene Expression Regulation
Developmental
Embryo
zebrafish
biology.organism_classification
Organophosphates
Cell biology
chemistry
TCEP
embryogenesis
Water Pollutants
Chemical
Chromatography
Liquid
Zdroj: Environmental Health Perspectives
ISSN: 1552-9924
0091-6765
Popis: Background: Chlorinated phosphate esters (CPEs) are widely used as additive flame retardants for low-density polyurethane foams and have frequently been detected at elevated concentrations within indoor environmental media. Objectives: To begin characterizing the potential toxicity of CPEs on early vertebrate development, we examined the developmental toxicity of four CPEs used in polyurethane foam: tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diyl tetrakis(2-chlorethyl) bis(phosphate) (V6). Methods: Using zebrafish as a model for vertebrate embryogenesis, we first screened the potential teratogenic effects of TDCPP, TCEP, TCPP, and V6 using a developmental toxicity assay. Based on these results, we focused on identification of susceptible windows of developmental TDCPP exposure as well as evaluation of uptake and elimination of TDCPP and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (BDCPP, the primary metabolite) within whole embryos. Finally, because TDCPP-specific genotoxicity assays have, for the most part, been negative in vivo and because zygotic genome remethylation is a key biological event during cleavage, we investigated whether TDCPP altered the status of zygotic genome methylation during early zebrafish embryogenesis. Results: Overall, our findings suggest that the cleavage period during zebrafish embryogenesis is susceptible to TDCPP-induced delays in remethylation of the zygotic genome, a mechanism that may be associated with enhanced developmental toxicity following initiation of TDCPP exposure at the start of cleavage. Conclusions: Our results suggest that further research is needed to better understand the effects of a widely used and detected CPE within susceptible windows of early vertebrate development.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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