Early Zebrafish Embryogenesis Is Susceptible to Developmental TDCPP Exposure
Autor: | Heather M. Stapleton, David C. Volz, Sean P. McGee, Ellen M. Cooper |
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Rok vydání: | 2012 |
Předmět: |
Tris
flame retardant Zygote Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Restriction Mapping TDCPP Tris(1 3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate Developmental toxicity 010501 environmental sciences Biology 01 natural sciences Median lethal dose Lethal Dose 50 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Organophosphorus Compounds Tandem Mass Spectrometry Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Animals cleavage Zebrafish Flame Retardants 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Genetics 0303 health sciences DNA methylation Research Embryogenesis Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Gene Expression Regulation Developmental Embryo zebrafish biology.organism_classification Organophosphates Cell biology chemistry TCEP embryogenesis Water Pollutants Chemical Chromatography Liquid |
Zdroj: | Environmental Health Perspectives |
ISSN: | 1552-9924 0091-6765 |
Popis: | Background: Chlorinated phosphate esters (CPEs) are widely used as additive flame retardants for low-density polyurethane foams and have frequently been detected at elevated concentrations within indoor environmental media. Objectives: To begin characterizing the potential toxicity of CPEs on early vertebrate development, we examined the developmental toxicity of four CPEs used in polyurethane foam: tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diyl tetrakis(2-chlorethyl) bis(phosphate) (V6). Methods: Using zebrafish as a model for vertebrate embryogenesis, we first screened the potential teratogenic effects of TDCPP, TCEP, TCPP, and V6 using a developmental toxicity assay. Based on these results, we focused on identification of susceptible windows of developmental TDCPP exposure as well as evaluation of uptake and elimination of TDCPP and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (BDCPP, the primary metabolite) within whole embryos. Finally, because TDCPP-specific genotoxicity assays have, for the most part, been negative in vivo and because zygotic genome remethylation is a key biological event during cleavage, we investigated whether TDCPP altered the status of zygotic genome methylation during early zebrafish embryogenesis. Results: Overall, our findings suggest that the cleavage period during zebrafish embryogenesis is susceptible to TDCPP-induced delays in remethylation of the zygotic genome, a mechanism that may be associated with enhanced developmental toxicity following initiation of TDCPP exposure at the start of cleavage. Conclusions: Our results suggest that further research is needed to better understand the effects of a widely used and detected CPE within susceptible windows of early vertebrate development. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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