Arsenic and Immune Response to Infection During Pregnancy and Early Life
| Autor: | Sarah E. Attreed, Christopher D. Heaney, Ana Navas-Acien |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law Biology Infections 01 natural sciences Article Arsenic 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Mice Immune system Pregnancy Arsenic Poisoning medicine Global health Animals Humans 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Nature and Landscape Conservation Immunogenicity Immunotoxins Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Pregnancy Outcome Transplacental medicine.disease Early life 030104 developmental biology chemistry Immune System Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Immunology Environmental Pollutants Female Toxicant |
| Popis: | Arsenic, a known carcinogen and developmental toxicant, is a major threat to global health. While the contribution of arsenic exposure to chronic diseases and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes is recognized, its ability to impair critical functions of humoral and cell-mediated immunity—including the specific mechanisms in humans—is not well understood. Arsenic has been shown to increase risk of infectious diseases that have significant health implications during pregnancy and early life. Here, we review the latest research on the mechanisms of arsenic-related immune response alterations that could underlie arsenic-associated increased risk of infection during the vulnerable periods of pregnancy and early life. The latest evidence points to alteration of antibody production and transplacental transfer as well as failure of T helper cells to produce IL-2 and proliferate. Critical areas for future research include the effects of arsenic exposure during pregnancy and early life on immune responses to natural infection and the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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