Contributions of neurotropic human herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 and human herpesvirus 6 to neurodegenerative disease pathology
| Autor: | Margot Mayer-Pröschel, Jessica M Hogestyn, David J. Mock |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty viruses Central nervous system viral reactivation Context (language use) Disease multiple sclerosis medicine.disease_cause lcsh:RC346-429 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Developmental Neuroscience viral latency medicine lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system Invited Review biology Multiple sclerosis Neurodegeneration neurodegeneration Alzheimer's disease central nervous system medicine.disease biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology Herpes simplex virus medicine.anatomical_structure human herpesvirus 6 Human herpesvirus 6 demyelination herpes simplex virus 1 Alzheimer′s disease 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Neural Regeneration Research, Vol 13, Iss 2, Pp 211-221 (2018) Neural Regeneration Research |
| ISSN: | 1673-5374 |
| DOI: | 10.4103/1673-5374.226380 |
| Popis: | Human herpesviruses (HVs) have developed ingenious mechanisms that enable them to traverse the defenses of the central nervous system (CNS). The ability of HVs to enter a state of latency, a defining characteristic of this viral family, allows them to persist in the human host indefinitely. As such, HVs represent the most frequently detected pathogens in the brain. Under constant immune pressure, these infections are largely asymptomatic in healthy hosts. However, many neurotropic HVs have been directly connected with CNS pathology in the context of other stressors and genetic risk factors. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which neurotropic HVs contribute to neurodegenerative disease (NDD) pathology by highlighting two prominent members of the HV family, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). We (i) introduce the infectious pathways and replicative cycles of HSV-1 and HHV-6 and then (ii) review the clinical evidence supporting associations between these viruses and the NDDs Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), respectively. We then (iii) highlight and discuss potential mechanisms by which these viruses exert negative effects on neurons and glia. Finally, we (iv) discuss how these viruses could interact with other disease-modifying factors to contribute to the initiation and/or progression of NDDs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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