Early Medieval Muslim Graves in France: First Archaeological, Anthropological and Palaeogenomic Evidence
| Autor: | Marie-Hélène Pemonge, Yves Gleize, Marie-France Deguilloux, Fanny Mendisco, Bertrand Houix, Alexis Groppi, Jean-Yves Breuil, Christophe Hubert |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBIB), CGFB, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine History Burial Archaeological Excavation [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology Ethnic group Social Sciences lcsh:Medicine 030105 genetics & heredity Biochemistry Geographical Locations Peninsula Historical Archaeology Ethnicity lcsh:Science Energy-Producing Organelles Historical archaeology palaeogenomic Multidisciplinary geography.geographical_feature_category 05 social sciences Islam Genomics Europe mitochondria France Physical Anthropology Cellular Structures and Organelles Period (music) Research Article Religious Faiths [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory Bioinformatics 0507 social and economic geography Bioenergetics 050701 cultural studies 03 medical and health sciences Politics Paleoanthropology Humans Middle Ages geography lcsh:R Paleontology Biology and Life Sciences archaeology Cell Biology Archaeology Anthropology People and Places Earth Sciences Population Groupings lcsh:Q [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM] Paleogenetics |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 2, p e0148583 (2016) PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2016, ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0148583⟩ HAL |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0148583⟩ |
| Popis: | International audience; The rapid Arab-Islamic conquest during the early Middle Ages led to major political and cultural changes in the Mediterranean world. Although the early medieval Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula is now well documented, based in the evaluation of archeological and historical sources, the Muslim expansion in the area north of the Pyrenees has only been documented so far through textual sources or rare archaeological data. Our study provides the first archaeo-anthropological testimony of the Muslim establishment in South of France through the multidisciplinary analysis of three graves excavated at Nimes. First, we argue in favor of burials that followed Islamic rites and then note the presence of a community practicing Muslim traditions in Nimes. Second, the radiometric dates obtained from all three human skeletons (between the 7th and the 9th centuries AD) echo historical sources documenting an early Muslim presence in southern Gaul (i.e., the first half of 8th century AD). Finally, palaeogenomic analyses conducted on the human remains provide arguments in favor of a North African ancestry of the three individuals, at least considering the paternal lineages. Given all of these data, we propose that the skeletons from the Nimes burials belonged to Berbers integrated into the Umayyad army during the Arab expansion in North Africa. Our discovery not only discusses the first anthropological and genetic data concerning the Muslim occupation of the Visigothic territory of Septimania but also highlights the complexity of the relationship between the two communities during this period. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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