Association Between Composition of the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Development of Fatty Liver With Choline Deficiency
| Autor: | Robert W. Reid, Timothy J. Hamp, Melanie D. Spencer, Steven H. Zeisel, Anthony A. Fodor, Leslie M. Fischer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Time Factors Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Population Physiology Gut flora Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Ribotyping Risk Assessment Article Feces chemistry.chemical_compound Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Risk Factors Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease North Carolina medicine Cluster Analysis Humans Choline Genetic Predisposition to Disease Microbiome Promoter Regions Genetic education Principal Component Analysis education.field_of_study Gastrointestinal tract Hepatology biology Gastrointestinal Microbiome Fatty liver Gastroenterology medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Magnetic Resonance Imaging Choline Deficiency Fatty Liver Gastrointestinal Tract chemistry Biochemistry Metagenome Female |
| Zdroj: | Gastroenterology. 140:976-986 |
| ISSN: | 0016-5085 |
| Popis: | Background & Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects up to 30% of the US population, but the mechanisms underlying this condition are incompletely understood. We investigated how diet standardization and choline deficiency influence the composition of the microbial community in the human gastrointestinal tract and the development of fatty liver under conditions of choline deficiency. Methods We performed a 2-month inpatient study of 15 female subjects who were placed on well-controlled diets in which choline levels were manipulated. We used 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial genes to characterize microbiota in stool samples collected over the course of the study. Results The compositions of the gastrointestinal microbial communities changed with choline levels of diets; each individual's microbiome remained distinct for the duration of the experiment, even though all subjects were fed identical diets. Variations between subjects in levels of Gammaproteobacteria and Erysipelotrichi were directly associated with changes in liver fat in each subject during choline depletion. Levels of these bacteria, change in amount of liver fat, and a single nucleotide polymorphism that affects choline were combined into a model that accurately predicted the degree to which subjects developed fatty liver on a choline-deficient diet. Conclusions Host factors and gastrointestinal bacteria each respond to dietary choline deficiency, although the gut microbiota remains distinct in each individual. We identified bacterial biomarkers of fatty liver that result from choline deficiency, adding to the accumulating evidence that gastrointestinal microbes have a role in metabolic disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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