Enabling spontaneous analogy through heuristic change
| Autor: | James N. MacGregor, Thomas C. Ormerod |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Linguistics and Language Mathematical optimization Adolescent Transfer Psychology Analogy 050109 social psychology Experimental and Cognitive Psychology 050105 experimental psychology Young Adult Artificial Intelligence Developmental and Educational Psychology Heuristics Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Mathematics Heuristic 05 social sciences SIGNAL (programming language) Middle Aged Constraint (information theory) Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Female Algorithm |
| ISSN: | 0010-0285 |
| Popis: | Despite analogy playing a central role in theories of problem solving, learning and education, demonstrations of spontaneous analogical transfer are rare. Here, we present a theory of heuristic change for spontaneous analogical transfer, tested in four experiments that manipulated the experience of failure to solve a source problem prior to attempting a target problem. In Experiment 1, participants solved more source problems that contained an additional financial constraint designed to signal the inappropriateness of moves that maximized progress towards the goal. This constraint also led to higher rates of spontaneous analogical transfer to a superficially similar problem. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the effects of this constraint extend to superficially and structurally different analogs. Experiment 4 generalized the finding to a non-analogous target problem that also benefitted from inhibiting maximizing moves. The results indicate that spontaneous transfer can arise through experience during the solution of a source problem that alters the heuristic chosen for solving both analogical and non-analogical target problems. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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