A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities

Autor: Søren Kristiansen, Achim Lichtenberger, Rubina Raja, Gry H. Barfod, Bente Philippsen, Tim Kinnaird, Jesper V. Olsen, Genevieve Holdridge, Ian A. Simpson
Přispěvatelé: University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Metallic Lead
Luminescence
Daily life activities
Optically Stimulated Luminescence
Social Sciences
Heavy Metals
Toxicology
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
01 natural sciences
Roman World
Soil
Contaminants
Activities of Daily Living
Medicine and Health Sciences
Toxins
0601 history and archaeology
Materials
History
Ancient
Luminescence Dating
Sedimentary Geology
Multidisciplinary
GE
060102 archaeology
Physics
Electromagnetic Radiation
Geology
06 humanities and the arts
Radioactive Carbon Dating
Pollution
SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities
Chemistry
Archaeology
Physical Sciences
language
Medicine
GE Environmental Sciences
Research Article
Chemical Elements
010506 paleontology
Science
Toxic Agents
Materials Science
Library science
Research and Analysis Methods
Danish
Political science
Metals
Heavy
Humans
Cities
Chemical Characterization
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Petrology
Isotope Analysis
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Biology and Life Sciences
DAS
Probability Theory
Probability Distribution
language.human_language
Lead
Archaeological Dating
Earth Sciences
Sediment
Environmental Pollution
Mathematics
Copper
Zdroj: Holdridge, G S, Kristiansen, S M, Barfod, G H, C. Kinnaird, T, Lichtenberger, A, Olsen, J, Philippsen, B, Raja, R & Simpson, I 2021, ' A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities ', P L o S One, vol. 16, no. 6, e0251923 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251923
PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0251923 (2021)
PLoS ONE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251923
Popis: Funding: This project was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (R.R., www.carlsbergfondet.dk, Grant CF14-0467), Danish National Research Foundation (R.R., www.dg.dk, Grant 119), the Deutsche Forchungsgemeinschaft (A.L., https://www.dfg.de/, grant nos LI978/4-1 and LI978/4-2), the Deutscher Palästinaverein (A.L., https://www.palaestina-verein.de/), the Danish EliteForsk Award (R.R., https://ufm.dk/forskning-og-innovation/forskningsformidling/eliteforsk, grant 4094-00077B), and H. P. Hjerl Hansens Mindefondet for Dansk Palæstinaforskning (RR). Roman metal use and related extraction activities resulted in heavy metal pollution and contamination, in particular of Pb near ancient mines and harbors, as well as producing a global atmospheric impact. New evidence from ancient Gerasa (Jerash), Jordan, suggests that small-scale but intense Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad period urban, artisanal, and everyday site activities contributed to substantial heavy metal contamination of the city and its hinterland wadi, even though no metal mining took place and hardly any lead water pipes were used. Distribution of heavy metal contaminants, especially Pb, observed in the urban soils and sediments within this ancient city and its hinterland wadi resulted from aeolian, fluvial, cultural and post-depositional processes. These represent the contamination pathways of an ancient city-hinterland setting and reflect long-term anthropogenic legacies at local and regional scales beginning in the Roman period. Thus, urban use and re-use of heavy metal sources should be factored into understanding historical global-scale contaminant distributions. Publisher PDF
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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