Comparison of diagnostic methods and analysis of socio-demographic factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Sri Lanka

Autor: Thivya Balendran, Sayuri Herath, Devika Iddawela, Susiji Wickramasinghe, Akila Herath
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
Trichomonas
Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
medicine.disease_cause
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Geographical locations
Giemsa stain
law.invention
Medical Conditions
law
Prevalence
Medicine and Health Sciences
Trichomoniasis
Polymerase chain reaction
Staining
Microscopy
Multidisciplinary
biology
Eukaryota
Protists
Middle Aged
Infectious Diseases
Medicine
Female
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Asia
Adolescent
Sexual Behavior
Urology
Science
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Trichomonas Infections
Research and Analysis Methods
Sensitivity and Specificity
Young Adult
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Diagnostic Medicine
Internal medicine
RNA
Ribosomal
18S
Trichomonas vaginalis
Giemsa Staining
medicine
Humans
Molecular Biology Techniques
Molecular Biology
Sri Lanka
Genitourinary Infections
business.industry
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Chromosome Staining
Gold standard (test)
DNA
Protozoan
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Cross-Sectional Studies
Logistic Models
Socioeconomic Factors
Specimen Preparation and Treatment
People and places
Sri lanka
business
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258556 (2021)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Background Trichomonas vaginalis infection is underreported due to nonspecific clinical presentation and the nonavailability of sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests at the clinical setup. Hence, this study was designed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy and culture methods with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The socio-demographic factors associated with the infection were explored. Methods The study was carried out at the National Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome Control Programme in Colombo and Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome Control Programme in Kandy. Samples were collected from a total of 385 patients including, 272 females (70.7%) and 113 males (29.3%), and tested using microscopy (wet mount and Giemsa staining), culture, and PCR. Genus-specific primer set (TFR1/TFR2) that amplifies 5.8S rRNA and species-specific primer sets (TV16Sf-2/TV16Sr-2 and TVK3/7) that amplifies 18S rRNA and repetitive DNA, respectively, were used. Patient’s socio-demographic and sexual behaviour data were obtained using a standard interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed with R statistical software Version 3.6.3. Results The overall prevalence of trichomoniasis was 4.4% (17/385). Of these, six (1.6%) were positive for microscopic examination, 7 (1.8%) were positive for culture, and 13 (3.4%) for TVK3/7, 15 (3.9%) for TV16Sf/r, and TFR1/2 17 (4.4%) were positive for PCR. Sensitivities of PCR using TFR1/2, TV16Sf/r, and TVK3/7 primer sets were 100%, 88.20%, and 76.50%, respectively, against the expanded gold standard. Trichomoniasis was associated with age above 36 (p = 0.033), not using condoms in last three months (p = 0.016), multiple sex partners (p = 0.001), reason for attendance (p = 0.027), symptomatic nature (p = 0.015), and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (p = 0.001). Conclusions The study highlighted that age over 36 years, multiple sex partners, not using condoms, reason for attendance, symptomatic nature, and having other sexually transmitted diseases can increase the risk of acquiring trichomoniasis. Furthermore, this study confirmed PCR as highly sensitive and specific diagnostic test for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in comparison to microscopy and culture methods.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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