Intoxication by gamma hydroxybutyrate and related analogues: Clinical characteristics and comparison between pure intoxication and that combined with other substances of abuse

Autor: Òscar Miró, Miguel Galicia, Paul Dargan, Alison M. Dines, Isabelle Giraudon, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut E. Hovda, Christopher Yates, David M. Wood, Evangelia Liakoni, Matthias Liechti, Gesche Jürgens, Carsten Boe Pedersen, Niall O’Connor, Gerard Markey, Adrian Moughty, Christopher Lee, Patrick O’Donohoe, Jacek Sein Anand, Jordi Puiguriguer, Catalina Homar, Florian Eyer, Odd Martin Vallersnes, Per Sverre Persett, Lucie Chevillard, Bruno Mégarbane, Raido Paasma, W. Stephen Waring, Kristiina Põld, Christian Rabe, Piotr Maciej Kabata
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Time Factors
Consciousness
Substance-Related Disorders
Motor Activity
Toxicology
Drug overdose
Severity of Illness Index
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
4-Butyrolactone
Internal medicine
Intensive care
Severity of illness
medicine
Intubation
Intratracheal
Humans
Drug Interactions
030212 general & internal medicine
Prospective Studies
610 Medicine & health
gamma-Butyrolactone
business.industry
Illicit Drugs
030208 emergency & critical care medicine
Gamma hydroxybutyrate
General Medicine
Emergency department
medicine.disease
Respiration
Artificial
Substance abuse
Europe
Treatment Outcome
chemistry
Anesthesia
Vomiting
Female
medicine.symptom
Drug Overdose
business
Emergency Service
Hospital
Sodium Oxybate
Akathisia
Drug-Induced
Zdroj: Toxicology letters. 277
ISSN: 1879-3169
Popis: OBJECTIVE To study the profile of European gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gammabutyrolactone (GBL) intoxication and analyse the differences in the clinical manifestations produced by intoxication by GHB/GBL alone and in combination with other substances of abuse. METHOD We prospectively collected data on all the patients attended in the Emergency Departments (ED) of the centres participating in the Euro-DEN network over 12 months (October 2013 to September 2014) with a primary presenting complaint of drug intoxication (excluding ethanol alone) and registered the epidemiological and clinical data and outcomes. RESULTS We included 710 cases (83% males, mean age 31 years), representing 12.6% of the total cases attended for drug intoxication. Of these, 73.5% arrived at the ED by ambulance, predominantly during weekend, and 71.7% consumed GHB/GBL in combination with other substances of abuse, the most frequent additional agents being ethanol (50%), amphetamine derivatives (36%), cocaine (12%) and cannabis (8%). Among 15 clinical features pre-defined in the project database, the 3 most frequently identified were altered behaviour (39%), reduced consciousness (34%) and anxiety (14%). The severity ranged from mild cases requiring no treatment (308 cases, 43.4%) to severe cases requiring admission to intensive care (103 cases, 14.6%) and mechanical ventilation (49 cases, 6.9%). No deaths were reported. In comparison with only GHB/GBL consumption, patients consuming GHB/GBL with co-intoxicants presented more vomiting (15% vs. 3%, p12h, p
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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