Investigating the Atmospheric Sources and Sinks of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Using a Global Chemistry Transport Model
| Autor: | Andrew J. Orr-Ewing, M. Anwar H. Khan, Rabi Chhantyal-Pun, Carl J. Percival, Dudley E. Shallcross, Craig A. Taatjes, Rayne Holland |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Pollutant
Atmospheric Science Aqueous solution atmospheric lifetime 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Chemical transport model global budget lcsh:QC851-999 010501 environmental sciences Environmental Science (miscellaneous) 01 natural sciences Troposphere Atmosphere perfluorooctanoic acid chemistry.chemical_compound Deposition (aerosol physics) chemistry Environmental chemistry Criegee intermediates Perfluorooctanoic acid lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) Fluorotelomer 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Atmosphere, Vol 11, Iss 407, p 407 (2020) Holland, R, Khan, M A H, Chhantyal Pun, R, Orr-Ewing, A J, Percival, C, Taatjes, C A & Shallcross, D E 2020, ' Investigating the atmospheric sources and sinks of Perfluorooctanoic acid using a global chemistry transport model ', Atmosphere, vol. 11, no. 4, 407 . https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040407 Atmosphere Volume 11 Issue 4 |
| ISSN: | 2073-4433 |
| Popis: | Perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA, is one of the many concerning pollutants in our atmosphere it is highly resistant to environmental degradation processes, which enables it to accumulate biologically. With direct routes of this chemical to the environment decreasing, as a consequence of the industrial phase out of PFOA, it has become more important to accurately model the effects of indirect production routes, such as environmental degradation of precursors e.g., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs). The study reported here investigates the chemistry, physical loss and transport of PFOA and its precursors, FTOHs, throughout the troposphere using a 3D global chemical transport model, STOCHEM-CRI. Moreover, this investigation includes an important loss process of PFOA in the atmosphere via the addition of the stabilised Criegee intermediates, hereby referred to as the &ldquo Criegee Field.&rdquo Whilst reaction with Criegee intermediates is a significant atmospheric loss process of PFOA, it does not result in its permanent removal from the atmosphere. The atmospheric fate of the resultant hydroperoxide product from the reaction of PFOA and Criegee intermediates resulted in a &asymp 0.04 Gg year&minus 1 increase in the production flux of PFOA. Furthermore, the physical loss of the hydroperoxide product from the atmosphere (i.e., deposition), whilst decreasing the atmospheric concentration, is also likely to result in the reformation of PFOA in environmental aqueous phases, such as clouds, precipitation, oceans and lakes. As such, removal facilitated by the &ldquo Criegee Field&rdquo is likely to simply result in the acceleration of PFOA transfer to the surface (with an expected decrease in PFOA atmospheric lifetime of &asymp 10 h, on average from ca. 80 h without Criegee loss to 70 h with Criegee loss). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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