Fetal Lymphoid Organ Immune Responses to Transient and Persistent Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Autor: Hana Van Campen, Thomas R. Hansen, Natalia P. Smirnova, Jeanette V. Bishop, Hanah M. Georges, Katie J. Knapek, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Lymphoid Tissue
040301 veterinary sciences
animal diseases
viruses
Antigen presentation
lcsh:QR1-502
Spleen
Thymus Gland
Adaptive Immunity
Biology
Article
Virus
lcsh:Microbiology
immune response
0403 veterinary science
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
Pregnancy
Interferon
thymus
Virology
medicine
Animals
Pregnancy Complications
Infectious
Diarrhea Viruses
Bovine Viral
Innate immune system
Gene Expression Profiling
virus diseases
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
biochemical phenomena
metabolism
and nutrition
Acquired immune system
Immunity
Innate
fetus
bovine viral diarrhea virus
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Lymphatic system
Immunology
embryonic structures
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease
Cattle
Female
Keywords: bovine viral diarrhea virus
medicine.drug
Zdroj: Viruses
Volume 12
Issue 8
Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 816, p 816 (2020)
ISSN: 1999-4915
DOI: 10.3390/v12080816
Popis: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) fetal infections occur in two forms
persistent infection (PI) or transient infection (TI), depending on what stage of gestation the fetus is infected. Examination of lymphoid organs from both PI and TI fetuses reveals drastically different fetal responses, dependent upon the developmental stage of the fetal immune system. Total RNA was extracted from the thymuses and spleens of uninfected control, PI, and TI fetuses collected on day 190 of gestation to test the hypothesis that BVDV infection impairs the innate and adaptive immune response in the fetal thymus and spleen of both infection types. Transcripts of genes representing the innate immune response and adaptive immune response genes were assayed by Reverse Transcription quatitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (2&minus
&Delta
Cq
fold change). Genes of the innate immune response, interferon (IFN) inducible genes, antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and activation of B cells were downregulated in day 190 fetal PI thymuses compared to controls. In contrast, innate immune response genes were upregulated in TI fetal thymuses compared to controls and tended to be upregulated in TI fetal spleens. Genes associated with the innate immune system were not different in PI fetal spleens
however, adaptive immune system genes were downregulated, indicating that PI fetal BVDV infection has profound inhibitory effects on the expression of genes involved in the innate and adaptive immune response. The downregulation of these genes in lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells in the developing thymus and spleen may explain the incomplete clearance of BVDV and the persistence of the virus in PI animals while the upregulation of the TI innate immune response indicates a more mature immune system, able to clear the virus.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje