Fetal Lymphoid Organ Immune Responses to Transient and Persistent Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Autor: | Hana Van Campen, Thomas R. Hansen, Natalia P. Smirnova, Jeanette V. Bishop, Hanah M. Georges, Katie J. Knapek, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Lymphoid Tissue 040301 veterinary sciences animal diseases viruses Antigen presentation lcsh:QR1-502 Spleen Thymus Gland Adaptive Immunity Biology Article Virus lcsh:Microbiology immune response 0403 veterinary science 03 medical and health sciences Immune system Pregnancy Interferon thymus Virology medicine Animals Pregnancy Complications Infectious Diarrhea Viruses Bovine Viral Innate immune system Gene Expression Profiling virus diseases 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Acquired immune system Immunity Innate fetus bovine viral diarrhea virus 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Lymphatic system Immunology embryonic structures Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease Cattle Female Keywords: bovine viral diarrhea virus medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Viruses Volume 12 Issue 8 Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 816, p 816 (2020) |
ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
DOI: | 10.3390/v12080816 |
Popis: | Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) fetal infections occur in two forms persistent infection (PI) or transient infection (TI), depending on what stage of gestation the fetus is infected. Examination of lymphoid organs from both PI and TI fetuses reveals drastically different fetal responses, dependent upon the developmental stage of the fetal immune system. Total RNA was extracted from the thymuses and spleens of uninfected control, PI, and TI fetuses collected on day 190 of gestation to test the hypothesis that BVDV infection impairs the innate and adaptive immune response in the fetal thymus and spleen of both infection types. Transcripts of genes representing the innate immune response and adaptive immune response genes were assayed by Reverse Transcription quatitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (2&minus &Delta Cq fold change). Genes of the innate immune response, interferon (IFN) inducible genes, antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and activation of B cells were downregulated in day 190 fetal PI thymuses compared to controls. In contrast, innate immune response genes were upregulated in TI fetal thymuses compared to controls and tended to be upregulated in TI fetal spleens. Genes associated with the innate immune system were not different in PI fetal spleens however, adaptive immune system genes were downregulated, indicating that PI fetal BVDV infection has profound inhibitory effects on the expression of genes involved in the innate and adaptive immune response. The downregulation of these genes in lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells in the developing thymus and spleen may explain the incomplete clearance of BVDV and the persistence of the virus in PI animals while the upregulation of the TI innate immune response indicates a more mature immune system, able to clear the virus. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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