Predator Exposure/Psychosocial Stress Animal Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Modulates Neurotransmitters in the Rat Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

Autor: Philip J. Ebenezer, C. Brad Wilson, Joseph Francis, Leslie D. McLaughlin
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Central Nervous System
Male
Anatomy and Physiology
lcsh:Medicine
Hippocampus
Tryptophan Hydroxylase
Rats
Sprague-Dawley
Stress Disorders
Post-Traumatic
chemistry.chemical_compound
Norepinephrine
Medicine
Psychology
lcsh:Science
Neurotransmitter
Prefrontal cortex
Neurotransmitter Agents
Multidisciplinary
Animal Models
Neurotransmitters
Mental Health
medicine.drug
Research Article
Veterinary Medicine
medicine.medical_specialty
Serotonin
3
4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
Neurophysiology
Psychological Stress
Prefrontal Cortex
Neurological System
Veterinary Neurology
Model Organisms
Dopamine
Internal medicine
Animals
Psychiatry
Biology
Tyrosine hydroxylase
business.industry
lcsh:R
Homovanillic Acid
Tryptophan hydroxylase
Rats
Disease Models
Animal
Endocrinology
chemistry
nervous system
Predatory Behavior
Cats
Rat
3
4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid
lcsh:Q
Veterinary Science
business
Stress
Psychological
Neuroscience
Zdroj: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e89104 (2014)
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can develop in response to a traumatic event involving a threat to life. To date, no diagnostic biomarkers have been identified for PTSD. Recent research points toward physiological abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathoadrenal medullary and immune system that may be implicated in the disorder. The modulation of neurotransmitters is another possible mechanism, but their role in the progression of PTSD is poorly understood. Low serotonin (5-HT) may be a factor, but it may not be the only neurotransmitter affected as modulation affects levels of other neurotransmitters. In this study, we hypothesized the predator exposure/psychosocial stress rodent model of PTSD may alter levels of 5-HT and other neurotransmitters in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment. We induced PTSD via a predator exposure/psychosocial stress model, whereby rats were placed in a cage with a cat for 1 hour on days 1 and 11 of the 31-day experiment. Rats also received psychosocial stress via daily cage cohort changes. On day 32, the rats were sacrificed and the brains dissected to remove the hippocampus and PFC. Norepinephrine (NE), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), dopamine (DA), and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and PFC were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the hippocampus, 5-HT and HVA were lower, while NE and DOPAC were higher, in the PTSD group vs. controls. In the PFC, only 5-HT was lower, while NE, DA, and DOPAC were higher, in the PTSD group vs. controls. The rate limiting enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase were also examined and confirmed our findings. These results demonstrate that the predator exposure/psychosocial stress model of PTSD produces neurotransmitter changes similar to those seen in human patients and may cause a heightened noradrenergic response.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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