Mesenchymal stromal cells protect against vascular damage and depression-like behavior in mice surviving cerebral malaria

Autor:	Paula M. Fagundes, Rodrigo J. R. X. Freitas, Beatriz A. B. R. Passos, Patricia R. M. Rocco, Karina S. Oliveira, Adriana Lima Vallochi, Vanessa Estato, Camila N. Batista, Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto, Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez, Adriano Y. O. Silva, Maiara N. Lima, Helena A. Oliveira
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2020
Předmět:	Male 0301 basic medicine Cancer Research Plasmodium berghei Mesenchymal stromal cells Medicine (miscellaneous) Parasitemia Pharmacology Mice chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Neurotrophic factors Chloroquine Immunology and Allergy lcsh:QD415-436 Genetics (clinical) Evans Blue Blood-brain barrier lcsh:R5-920 biology Depression Brain Endothelial stem cell medicine.anatomical_structure Oncology Cerebral Malaria 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Molecular Medicine lcsh:Medicine (General) Intravital microscopy medicine.drug Immunology Malaria Cerebral Blood–brain barrier Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) lcsh:Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences Lactate dehydrogenase parasitic diseases medicine Animals Viability assay Transplantation business.industry Research Mesenchymal stem cell Endothelial Cells Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cell Biology medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Tail suspension test Malaria Mice Inbred C57BL Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology chemistry Quality of Life business
Zdroj:	Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020) Stem Cell Research & Therapy
ISSN:	1757-6512
DOI:	10.1186/s13287-020-01874-6
Popis:	Background Malaria is one of the most critical global infectious diseases. Severe systemic inflammatory diseases, such as cerebral malaria, lead to the development of cognitive and behavioral alterations, such as learning disabilities and loss of memory capacity, as well as increased anxiety and depression. The consequences are profound and usually contribute to reduce the patient’s quality of life. There are no therapies to treat the neurological sequelae of cerebral malaria. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may be an alternative, since they have been used as therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic lesions of the central nervous system. So far, no study has investigated the effects of MSC therapy on the blood-brain barrier, leukocyte rolling and adherence in the brain, and depression like-behavior in experimental cerebral malaria. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA, 1 × 106 PbA-parasitized red blood cells, intraperitoneally). At day 6, PbA-infected animals received chloroquine (25 mg/kg orally for seven consecutive days) as the antimalarial treatment and were then randomized to receive MSCs (1 × 105 cells in 0.05 ml of saline/mouse) or saline (0.05 ml) intravenously. Parasitemia, clinical score, and survival rate were analyzed throughout the experiments. Evans blue assay was performed at 6, 7, and 15 days post-infection (dpi). Behavioral tests were performed at 5 and 15 dpi. Intravital microscopy experiments and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression analyses were performed at 7 dpi, whereas inflammatory mediators were measured at 15 dpi. In vitro, endothelial cells were used to evaluate the effects of conditioned media derived from MSCs (CMMSC) on cell viability by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Results PbA-infected mice presented increased parasitemia, adherent leukocytes, blood-brain barrier permeability, and reduced BDNF protein levels, as well as depression-like behavior. MSCs mitigated behavioral alterations, restored BDNF and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β protein levels, and reduced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and leukocyte adhesion in the brain microvasculature. In a cultured endothelial cell line stimulated with heme, CMMSC reduced LDH release, suggesting a paracrine mechanism of action. Conclusion A single dose of MSCs as adjuvant therapy protected against vascular damage and improved depression-like behavior in mice that survived experimental cerebral malaria.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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