The German view: Effects of nitrogen dioxide on human health – derivation of health-related short-term and long-term values
| Autor: | Regula Rapp, Jens-Uwe Voss, Thomas Eikmann, Nino Künzli, Martin Kraft, Heike Seitz, Klaus Schneider, Andreas D. Kappos, H.-Erich Wichmann |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Nitrogen Dioxide Respiratory Tract Diseases Air pollution medicine.disease_cause Risk Assessment chemistry.chemical_compound Environmental protection Germany Environmental health Epidemiology medicine Animals Humans Nitrogen dioxide Limit (mathematics) Mortality Vehicle Emissions Pollutant Air Pollutants No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Environmental Exposure Term (time) Hospitalization chemistry Environmental science Value (mathematics) |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 208:305-318 |
| ISSN: | 1438-4639 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.04.002 |
| Popis: | The presented overview concerning health relevant effects caused by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) resumes the current state of results from animal experiments and human studies (epidemiology and short-term chambers studies). NO2 concentrations applied in animal experiments were mostly considerably higher than in ambient air. Therefore, short- and long-term limit values were derived from human data. Experimental studies conducted with humans demonstrate effects after short-term exposure to concentrations at or above 400 microg NO2/m3. Effects on patients with light asthma could not be observed after short-term exposure to concentrations below 200 microg/m3. On basis of epidemiological long-term studies a threshold below which no effect on human health is expected could not be specified. Two short-term limit values have been proposed to protect public health: a 1-h value of 100 microg/m3 and a 24-h mean value of 50 microg/m3. Due to the limitations of epidemiological studies to disentangle effects of single pollutants, a long-term limit value cannot be easily derived. However, applying the precautionary principle, it is desirable to adopt an annual mean of 20 microg NO2/m3 as a long-term mean standard to protect public health. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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