Rethinking Intellectual Disability from Neuro- to Astro-Pathology
| Autor: | Álvaro Fernández-Blanco, Mara Dierssen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Down syndrome
Dysfunctional family Review Catalysis lcsh:Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences Deficiència mental 0302 clinical medicine Neuronal communication Memory Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability medicine biochemistry Memory impairment Animals Humans Physical and Theoretical Chemistry lcsh:QH301-705.5 Molecular Biology Spectroscopy 030304 developmental biology Neurons 0303 health sciences neurodevelopmental disorders Organic Chemistry astrocytes memory deficits Cognition General Medicine medicine.disease Down Síndrome de 3. Good health Computer Science Applications Fragile X syndrome medicine.anatomical_structure Phenotype lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 Psychology Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Astrocyte |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 9039, p 9039 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from genetic and/or from environmental factors and are characterized by different degrees of intellectual disability. The mechanisms that govern important processes sustaining learning and memory, which are severely affected in intellectual disability, have classically been thought to be exclusively under neuronal control. However, this vision has recently evolved into a more integrative conception in which astroglia, rather than just acting as metabolic supply and structural anchoring for neurons, interact at distinct levels modulating neuronal communication and possibly also cognitive processes. Recently, genetic tools have made it possible to specifically manipulate astrocyte activity unraveling novel functions that involve astrocytes in memory function in the healthy brain. However, astrocyte manipulation has also underscored potential mechanisms by which dysfunctional astrocytes could contribute to memory deficits in several neurodevelopmental disorders revealing new pathogenic mechanisms in intellectual disability. Here, we review the current knowledge about astrocyte dysfunction that might contribute to learning and memory impairment in neurodevelopmental disorders, with special focus on Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome. Funding: The lab of MD is supported by the CRG Severo Ochoa excellence grant, the CIBER of Rare Diseases and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia I Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Grups consolidats 2017 SGR 926). We also acknowledge the support of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-110755RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), H2020 SC1 Gene overdosage and comorbidities during the early lifetime in Down Syndrome GO-DS21- 848077, Jerôme Lejeune Foundation, NIH (Grant Number: 1R01EB 028159-01), Marató TV3, JPND Heroes project, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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