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Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), member of sirtuin family, belongs to class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) and is majorly cytosolic with occasional nuclear translocation. The enzymatic activity of SIRT2 is dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and SIRT2 regulates post-translational modifications that are responsible for deacetylation of lysine residues in histone and non-histone substrates. SIRT2, thus affects most likely multiple cellular processes, such as signaling, gene expression, aging, autophagy, and has been identified as potential drug target in relation to inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, probing potential selective inhibitors is essential for the accurate understanding of enzyme functions. Here, we report a series of heteroaryl2-carboxamide hybrids bearing substituted benzyl or substituted phenoxy group at the 5-position of the central heterocyclic ring. The synthesized compounds were screened against SIRT1-3 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line to evaluate their biological activity. The best SIRT2 inhibition profiles were displayed by ST29 (SIRT2 IC50 = 38.69 mu M) and ST30 (SIRT2 IC50 = 43.29 mu M) with excellent selectivity against SIRT2 over SIRT1 and SIRT3. Molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds into SIRT2 active site was performed to rationalize the remarkable SIRT2 inhibitory activity. Furthermore, we performed all-atom, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and end-point binding free energy calculations using molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) method to evaluate whether this design strategy was successfully deployed. The results implied that the binding poses and ligand affinities were predicted without significant loss of accuracy. Conclusively, the developed chemotypes were advocated as promising leads for SIRT2 inhibition and required further investigation for SIRT2-targeted drug discovery and development. |
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