BODIPY-Conjugated Xyloside Primes Fluorescent Glycosaminoglycans in the Inner Ear of Opsanus tau
| Autor: | Vy M. Tran, Mausam Kalita, Lynn N. Nguyen, Richard D. Rabbitt, Holly A. Holman, Sailaja Arungundram, Balagurunathan Kuberan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Boron Compounds
0301 basic medicine Chondroitin sulfate B Biology 03 medical and health sciences Utricle otorhinolaryngologic diseases medicine Animals Inner ear Glycosaminoglycans Microscopy Confocal Xylose Optical Imaging Models Theoretical Kinocilium Batrachoidiformes Sensory Systems Xyloside Crista 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Microscopy Fluorescence Otorhinolaryngology Biochemistry Ear Inner Biophysics sense organs Hair cell Saccule Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. 17:525-540 |
| ISSN: | 1438-7573 1525-3961 |
| Popis: | We report on a new xyloside conjugated to BODIPY, BX and its utility to prime fluorescent glycosaminoglycans (BX-GAGs) within the inner ear in vivo. When BX is administered directly into the endolymphatic space of the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) inner ear, fluorescent BX-GAGs are primed and become visible in the sensory epithelia of the semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule. Confocal and 2-photon microscopy of vestibular organs fixed 4 h following BX treatment, reveal BX-GAGs constituting glycocalyces that envelop hair cell kinocilium, nerve fibers, and capillaries. In the presence of GAG-specific enzymes, the BX-GAG signals are diminished, suggesting that chondroitin sulfates are the primary GAGs primed by BX. Results are consistent with similar click-xylosides in CHO cell lines, where the xyloside enters the Golgi and preferentially initiates chondroitin sulfate B production. Introduction of BX produces a temporary block of hair cell mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) currents in the crista, reduction in background discharge rate of afferent neurons, and a reduction in sensitivity to physiological stimulation. A six-degree-of-freedom pharmacokinetic mathematical model has been applied to interpret the time course and spatial distribution of BX and BX-GAGs. Results demonstrate a new optical approach to study GAG biology in the inner ear, for tracking synthesis and localization in real time. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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