Hydrotreating of bio-crude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of biopulp: effects of aqueous phase recirculation on the hydrotreated oil
| Autor: | Komeil Kohansal, Kamaldeep Sharma, Muhammad Salman Haider, Saqib Sohail Toor, Daniele Castello, Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl, Joscha Zimmermann, Thomas Helmer Pedersen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Sustainable Energy & Fuels. Royal Society of Chemistry Sadetmahaleh, K K, Sharma, K, Haider, M S, Toor, S, Castello, D, Rosendahl, L, Zimmermann, J & Pedersen, T H 2022, ' Hydrotreating of bio-crude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of biopulp : effects of aqueous phase recirculation on the hydrotreated oil ', Sustainable energy & fuels, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 2805-2822 . https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00399f |
| ISSN: | 2398-4902 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/d2se00399f |
| Popis: | Aqueous phase recirculation (APR) during the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a means to enhance HTL performance and lower the need for intensive residual water treatment. However, the obtained HTL bio-crude cannot be considered a drop-in biofuel partially due to its significant heteroatom content. Thus, catalytic hydrotreating is typically practised to upgrade HTL bio-crude todrop-in biofuel/biofuel precursors. This study establishes a holistic overview of the influence of APR on hydrotreated bio-crude. The employed strategy integrates a four-step APR process to a batch catalytic hydrotreating process operating at mild (350 C) or severe conditions (400 C). APR revealed promisingresults in terms of bio-crude yield and energy recovery. However, the heteroatom content of the resulting bio-crude was noticeably elevated. Regardless of the operational conditions, hydrotreating experiments disclosed a higher oil yield while treating the first cycle's bio-crude along with limited cokeformation. Although the added oxygen content by APR was offset through hydrotreating, the nitrogen content of the hydrotreated bio-crude in the consecutive cycles significantly increased. The elemental distribution results revealed that APR increased the nitrogen distribution in the hydrotreated bio-crude. Hence, higher quantities of hydrogen and severe hydrotreating conditions were required to obtain a suitable drop-in quality of the biofuel. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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