Transcriptional Pausing as a Mediator of Bacterial Gene Regulation
Autor: | Robert Landick |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Regulation of gene expression
Transcription Genetic RNA DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases Gene Expression Regulation Bacterial Biology Microbiology Cellular life Cell biology chemistry.chemical_compound Mediator chemistry Genes Bacterial Transcription (biology) RNA polymerase Nucleic acid structure DNA Transcription Factors |
Zdroj: | Annual Review of Microbiology. 75:291-314 |
ISSN: | 1545-3251 0066-4227 |
Popis: | Cellular life depends on transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase to express genetic information. RNA polymerase has evolved not just to read information from DNA and write it to RNA but also to sense and process information from the cellular and extracellular environments. Much of this information processing occurs during transcript elongation, when transcriptional pausing enables regulatory decisions. Transcriptional pauses halt RNA polymerase in response to DNA and RNA sequences and structures at locations and times that help coordinate interactions with small molecules and transcription factors important for regulation. Four classes of transcriptional pause signals are now evident after decades of study: elemental pauses, backtrack pauses, hairpin-stabilized pauses, and regulator-stabilized pauses. In this review, I describe current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these four classes of pause signals, remaining questions about how RNA polymerase responds to pause signals, and the many exciting directions now open to understand pausing and the regulation of transcript elongation on a genome-wide scale. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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