Phlebotomus sergenti in a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus in Azilal Province (High Atlas, Morocco): Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Leishmania tropica, and Feeding Behavior

Autor: Meryem Lemrani, Rémi N. Charrel, Abderahmane Laamrani-Idrissi, Haddou Nhammi, Myriam Riyad, Nargys Es-Sette, Malika Ajaoud
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Vectorielles [Maroc], Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d’Etudes Doctorales des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie, Direction d'Epidémiologie et de Lutte contre les Maladies, Equipe de Recherche sur les Leishmanioses Cutanées, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie Casablanca
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Male
Leishmania tropica
SAND FLIES DIPTERA
NORTHERN MOROCCO
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Feeding behavior
biology
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Zoonosis
CLINICAL-SAMPLES
3. Good health
Morocco
Infectious Diseases
PCR
Female
Polymorphism
Restriction Fragment Length
Research Article
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Genotype
lcsh:RC955-962
Molecular Sequence Data
Leishmaniasis
Cutaneous
Dogs
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
parasitic diseases
medicine
Animals
Psychodidae
Genotyping
PSYCHODIDAE
IDENTIFICATION
Base Sequence
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Genetic Variation
Leishmaniasis
lcsh:RA1-1270
Feeding Behavior
Sequence Analysis
DNA
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Virology
Insect Vectors
SOUTHEAST TUNISIA
Visceral leishmaniasis
Haplotypes
BLOOD MEALS
Phlebotomus
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, 2015, 9 (e0003687), ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0003687⟩
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e0003687 (2015)
ISSN: 1935-2735
1935-2727
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003687⟩
Popis: Background Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti is at least one of the confirmed vectors for the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica and distributed widely in Morocco. This form of leishmaniasis is considered largely as anthroponotic, although dogs were found infected with Leishmania tropica, suggestive of zoonosis in some rural areas. Methodology and Findings This survey aimed at (i) studying the presence of Leishmania in field caught Phlebotomus sergenti, (ii) investigating genetic diversity within Leishmania tropica and (iii) identifying the host-blood feeding preferences of Phlebotomus sergenti. A total of 4,407 sand flies were collected in three rural areas of Azilal province, using CDC miniature light traps. Samples collected were found to consist of 13 species: Phlebotomus spp. and 3 Sergentomyia spp. The most abundant species was Phlebotomus sergenti, accounting for 45.75 % of the total. 965 female Phlebotomus sergenti were screened for the presence of Leishmania by ITS1-PCR-RFLP, giving a positive rate of 5.7% (55/965), all being identified as Leishmania tropica. Nucleotide heterogeneity of PCR-amplified ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 was noted. Analyses of 31 sequences obtained segregated them into 16 haplotypes, of which 7 contain superimposed peaks at certain nucleotide positions, suggestive of heterozygosity. Phlebotomus sergenti collected were found to feed on a large variety of vertebrate hosts, as determined by Cytochrome b sequencing of the DNA from the blood meals of 64 engorged females. Conclusion Our findings supported the notion that Phlebotomus sergenti is the primary vector of Leishmania tropica in this focus, and that the latter is genetically very heterogeneous. Furthermore, our results might be suggestive of a certain level of heterozygosity in Leishmania tropica population. This finding, as well as the feeding of the vectors on different animals are of interest for further investigation.
Author Summary In Morocco three Leishmania species have been reported to cause cutaneous leishmaniasis: Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica and less frequently Leishmania infantum. Amongst these clinically important Leishmania species, Leishmania tropica is considered as a public health problem by the Ministry of Health in Morocco and other endemic countries. Phlebotomus sergenti is the known vector, which is thought to take blood meals mainly from humans, since they appear to be the sole reservoir, considering anthroponosis of the cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica in many endemic areas. In the present study, we investigated by molecular tools the presence of Leishmania in field caught Phlebotomus, as well as the heterogeneity of Leishmania tropica in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in High Atlas of Morocco. Our results showed a high infection rate of Phlebotomus sergenti, which may be a consequence of high level of the parasite circulating in this region; and underlined the important genetic heterogeneity of Leishmania tropica in Morocco. Analysis of the blood meals of the vectors showed that Phlebotomus sergenti fed on a variety of vertebrates, including wild animals, such as rodent, monkey and bat. Whether these animals play any role in the maintenance of Leishmania tropica in this focus awaits further investigation.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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