| Popis: |
Malignant tumors of the head and neck are frequent and of high morbidity, and therefore, lesions require early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, as well as follow-up of the patient from diagnosis, treatment and after treatment, not only by the physician oncologist, but by several health professionals, such as nutritionists, psychologists, speech therapists and dental surgeons, to maintain and restore, when necessary, the patient's quality of life. The present study aims to identify the main acute and chronic lesions that affect the oral cavity of patients undergoing oncological treatment with ionization radiation in head and neck tumors. Base articles will be used through portals of articles and scientific journals such as PubMed, Bireme and Scielo from 1995 to 2018 to discuss the involvement of the oral cavity of these patients, which lesions most occur, at what time, radiation dose necessary for its appearance and its resolve. The lesions cited as most common involve two groups, one group consisting of acute lesions, which tend to appear earlier, and another group that includes chronic lesions, which usually appear later. The time of onset of the lesions is based on the resistance of the affected tissue and the recovery time required to the damage caused by the dose of radiation. When the dose or frequency of radiation is greater than the resistance and tissue recovery, the onset of injury occurs. The resolution must be individualized for each case. Therefore, the early diagnosis of these lesions is of paramount importance so that they can be avoided or treated as soon as possible so that they do not cause irreversible damage. In some cases, it is necessary to discontinue radiotherapy so that the tissue is treated and recovers from aggression. The treatment depends on the type of injury and its severity. |
