Tracking chlorinated contaminants in the subsurface using compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis: A review of principles, current challenges and applications
| Autor: | Daniel Hunkeler, Jeremy Zimmermann, Landon J. S. Halloran |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Halogenation Environmental remediation Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Chemical Fractionation 01 natural sciences Isotope fractionation Isotopes polycyclic compounds Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Environmental Chemistry Soil Pollutants 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Isotope analysis Pollutant Carbon Isotopes Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Isotopes of chlorine General Medicine General Chemistry Contamination Pollution 020801 environmental engineering chemistry Isotopes of carbon Environmental chemistry Environmental science Chlorine Carbon Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 244 |
| ISSN: | 1879-1298 |
| Popis: | Many chlorinated hydrocarbons have gained notoriety as persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Engineered and natural remediation efforts require a monitoring tool to track the progress of degradation processes. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a robust method to evaluate the origin and fate of contaminants in the environment and does not rely on concentration measurements. While carbon CSIA has established itself in the routine assessment of contaminated sites, studies incorporating chlorine isotopes have only recently become more common. Although some aspects of chlorine isotope analysis are more challenging than carbon isotope analysis, having additional isotopic data yields valuable information for contaminated site management. This review provides an overview of chlorine isotope fractionation of chlorinated contaminants in the subsurface by different processes and presents analytical techniques and unresolved challenges in chlorine isotope analysis. A summary of successful field applications illustrates the potential of using chlorine isotope data. Finally, approaches in modelling chlorine isotope fractionation due to degradation, diffusion, and sorption processes are discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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