Reinforcement signaling of punishment versus relief in fruit flies
Autor: | Thomas Niewalda, Alejandra P. Garza, Yoshinori Aso, Mathangi Ganesan, Bertram Gerber, Afshin Khalili, Amrita P. Nishu, Ayse Yarali, Christian König |
---|---|
Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Punishment (psychology) Cognitive Neuroscience Dopamine Pain Optogenetics Neuron types Photostimulation Animals Genetically Modified 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Behavior disorder 0302 clinical medicine Punishment Memory Animals Dopaminergic neuron Reinforcement Dopaminergic Neurons Research Brain Pain Perception 030104 developmental biology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Drosophila melanogaster Dopamine biosynthesis Psychology Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery psychological phenomena and processes |
Zdroj: | Learning & memory, 25(6):247-257 |
ISSN: | 1549-5485 |
Popis: | Painful events establish opponent memories: cues that precede pain are remembered negatively, whereas cues that follow pain, thus coinciding with relief are recalled positively. How do individual reinforcement-signaling neurons contribute to this “timing-dependent valence-reversal?” We addressed this question using an optogenetic approach in the fruit fly. Two types of fly dopaminergic neuron, each comprising just one paired cell, indeed established learned avoidance of odors that preceded their photostimulation during training, and learned approach to odors that followed the photostimulation. This is in striking parallel to punishment versus relief memories reinforced by a real noxious event. For only one of these neuron types, both effects were strong enough for further analyses. Notably, interfering with dopamine biosynthesis in these neurons partially impaired the punishing effect, but not the relieving after-effect of their photostimulation. We discuss how this finding constraints existing computational models of punishment versus relief memories and introduce a new model, which also incorporates findings from mammals. Furthermore, whether using dopaminergic neuron photostimulation or a real noxious event, more prolonged punishment led to stronger relief. This parametric feature of relief may also apply to other animals and may explain particular aspects of related behavioral dysfunction in humans. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |