In-Vitro Neutralization of the Neurotoxicity of Coastal Taipan Venom by Australian Polyvalent Antivenom: The Window of Opportunity
| Autor: | Wayne C. Hodgson, Anjana Silva, Geoffrey K. Isbister, Theo Tasoulis, Umesha Madhushani |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Time Factors
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Antivenom Neuromuscular Junction post-synaptic lcsh:Medicine Snake Bites venom Venom paralysis Pharmacology Toxicology complex mixtures Neutralization Article 03 medical and health sciences Oxyuranus scutellatus chemistry.chemical_compound Medicine Animals Elapidae taipan 030304 developmental biology Elapid Venoms 0303 health sciences Taipoxin antivenom biology business.industry Antivenins 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology lcsh:R Neurotoxicity biology.organism_classification medicine.disease In vitro Taipan chemistry pre-synaptic Neuromuscular Blocking Agents business Chickens Muscle Contraction |
| Zdroj: | Toxins Volume 12 Issue 11 Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 690, p 690 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
| Popis: | Coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming causes life-threatening neuromuscular paralysis in humans. We studied the time period during which antivenom remains effective in preventing and arresting in vitro neuromuscular block caused by taipan venom and taipoxin. Venom showed predominant pre-synaptic neurotoxicity at 3 µ g/mL and post-synaptic neurotoxicity at 10 µ g/mL. Pre-synaptic neurotoxicity was prevented by addition of Australian polyvalent antivenom before the venom and taipoxin and, reversed when antivenom was added 5 min after venom and taipoxin. Antivenom only partially reversed the neurotoxicity when added 15 min after venom and had no significant effect when added 30 min after venom. In contrast, post-synaptic activity was fully reversed when antivenom was added 30 min after venom. The effect of antivenom on pre-synaptic neuromuscular block was reproduced by washing the bath at similar time intervals for 3 µ g/mL, but not for 10 µ g/mL. We found an approximate 10&ndash 15 min time window in which antivenom can prevent pre-synaptic neuromuscular block. This time window is likely to be longer in envenomed patients due to the delay in venom absorption. Similar effectiveness of antivenom and washing with 3 µ g/mL venom suggests that antivenom most likely acts by neutralizing pre-synaptic toxins before they interfere with neurotransmission inside the motor nerve terminals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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