Anaerobic Degradability of Commercially Available Bio-Based and Oxo-Degradable Packaging Materials in the Context of their End of Life in the Waste Management Strategy
| Autor: | Irena Wojnowska-Baryła, Katarzyna Bernat, Magdalena Zaborowska, Bartosz Pszczółkowski, Dorota Kulikowska |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Geography
Planning and Development TJ807-830 Context (language use) 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law TD194-195 01 natural sciences Renewable energy sources DSC biogas production chemistry.chemical_compound Biogas Polylactic acid FTIR and microscopic analyses GE1-350 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FOIL method polymers 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Waste management Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Chemistry Biodegradation 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Environmental sciences starch- and polylactic-acid-based material Degradation (geology) 0210 nano-technology Mesophile |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 6818, p 6818 (2021) Sustainability Volume 13 Issue 12 |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| Popis: | There are discrepancies concerning the time frame for biodegradation of different commercially available foils labeled as biodegradable thus, it is essential to provide information about their biodegradability in the context of their end of life in waste management. Therefore, one-year mesophilic (37 °C) anaerobic degradation tests of two bio-based foils (based on starch (FS), polylactic acid (FPLA)) and oxo-degradable material (FOXO) were conducted in an OxiTop system. Biodegradation was investigated by measuring biogas production (BP) and analyzing structural changes with differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing and digital microscopic analyses, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After 1 year, FOXO had not degraded thus, there were no visible changes on its surface and no BP. The bio-based materials produced small amounts of biogas (25.2, FPLA, and 30.4 L/kg VS, FS), constituting 2.1–2.5% of theoretical methane potential. The foil pieces were still visible and only starting to show damage some pores had appeared in their structure. The structure of FPLA became more heterogeneous due to water diffusing into the structure. In contrast, the structure of FS became more homogenous although individual cracks and fissures appeared. The color of FS had changed, indicating that it was beginning to biodegrade. The fact that FS and FPLA showed only minor structural damage after a one-year mesophilic degradation indicates that, in these conditions, these materials would persist for an unknown but long amount of time. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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