A Venom Allergen-Like Protein, RsVAP, the First Discovered Effector Protein of Radopholus similis That Inhibits Plant Defense and Facilitates Parasitism
| Autor: | Jun-Yi Li, Chun Chen, Hui Xie, Shiqiao Tang, Jiafeng Wang, Si-Hua Yang, Chun-Ling Xu |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Tylenchida QH301-705.5 Radopholus similis venom allergen-like protein 01 natural sciences Catalysis Article Microbiology Host-Parasite Interactions Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences Solanum lycopersicum plant defense Tobacco medicine Plant defense against herbivory interacting protein Animals Plant Immunity Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Biology (General) Molecular Biology Gene QD1-999 Spectroscopy Plant Diseases biology Effector Organic Chemistry General Medicine Helminth Proteins biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Computer Science Applications Open reading frame Chemistry 030104 developmental biology Secretory protein Nematode Nematode infection 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume 22 Issue 9 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4782, p 4782 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Radopholus similis is a migratory endoparasitic nematode that is extremely harmful to host plants. Venom allergen-like proteins (VAPs) are members of the cysteine-rich secretory protein family that are widely present in plants and animals. In this study, we cloned a VAP gene from R. similis, designated as RsVAP. RsVAP contains an open reading frame of 1089 bp encoding 362 amino acids. RsVAP is specifically expressed in the esophageal gland, and the expression levels of RsVAP are significantly higher in juveniles than in other life stages of R. similis. This expression pattern of RsVAP was consistent with the biological characteristics of juveniles of R. similis, which have the ability of infection and are the main infection stages of R. similis. The pathogenicity and reproduction rate of R. similis in tomato was significantly attenuated after RsVAP was silenced. In tobacco leaves transiently expressing RsVAP, the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) induced by a bacterial flagellin fragment (flg22) was inhibited, while the cell death induced by two sets of immune elicitors (BAX and Gpa2/RBP-1) was repressed. The RsVAP-interacting, ras-related protein RABA1d (LeRabA1d) was identified in tomato hosts by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. RsVAP may interact with LeRabA1d to affect the host defense response, which in turn facilitates nematode infection. This study provides the first evidence for the inhibition of plant defense response by a VAP from migratory plant-parasitic nematodes, and, for the first time, the target protein of R. similis in its host was identified. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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